#1
Which condition is characterized by an excess of acid in the blood and a pH below 7.35?
Metabolic acidosis
ExplanationExcess acid in blood, pH < 7.35.
#2
What is the main buffer system in the body that helps maintain acid-base balance?
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
ExplanationPrimary acid-base buffer system.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of respiratory alkalosis?
Increased blood pH and increased CO2 levels
ExplanationElevated pH, CO2 levels decrease.
#4
What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis?
Excessive loss of bicarbonate
ExplanationMainly due to bicarbonate loss.
#5
Which of the following is a compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
Decreased renal bicarbonate reabsorption
ExplanationKidneys reduce bicarbonate reabsorption.
#6
In which condition is there an excessive loss of acid from the body leading to a rise in blood pH?
Metabolic alkalosis
ExplanationExcess acid loss, blood pH rises.
#7
What is the typical compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
Increased respiratory rate
ExplanationBreathing rate rises to expel CO2.
#8
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Hypoventilation
ExplanationHypoventilation leads to acidosis.
#9
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an increase in the anion gap?
Metabolic acidosis
ExplanationAnion gap rises in acidosis.
#10
Which of the following is a common cause of respiratory acidosis?
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
ExplanationCOPD leads to inadequate ventilation.
#11
What is the normal pH range of arterial blood in the human body?
7.35 - 7.45
ExplanationPhysiological pH range.
#12
Which of the following is a cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation
ExplanationExcessive ventilation leads to alkalosis.
#13
What is the typical compensation mechanism for respiratory acidosis?
Increased respiratory rate
ExplanationCompensation involves faster breathing.