#1
What is a concept in the study of concepts?
A mental representation of an object or event
ExplanationConcepts are mental representations of ideas or objects formed through categorization and abstraction.
#2
Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
John Locke
ExplanationJohn Locke introduced the concept of 'tabula rasa,' suggesting that the mind is a blank slate at birth, influenced by experience.
#3
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationHoward Gardner introduced the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is not a single trait but a combination of distinct abilities.
#4
Which concept refers to the tendency to prefer information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias is the tendency to favor information that supports existing beliefs or hypotheses while disregarding contradictory evidence.
#5
Who developed the theory of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, which emphasizes the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior.
#6
Who is considered the father of modern philosophy?
Descartes
ExplanationRené Descartes is renowned for his contributions to modern philosophy, especially his method of doubt and the famous phrase 'I think, therefore I am.'
#7
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
A theory about language's influence on thought and perception
ExplanationSapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that the structure of language affects cognition and perception.
#8
What is the difference between a natural concept and a artificial concept?
Natural concepts are innate, while artificial concepts are learned
ExplanationNatural concepts are understood instinctively, while artificial concepts are acquired through experience.
#9
In cognitive psychology, what does 'chunking' refer to?
Combining separate pieces of information into a single, larger unit
ExplanationChunking is a cognitive process of organizing information into manageable units to enhance memory.
#10
What is a theory of concepts that suggests people categorize objects based on their perceptions of their typical features?
Prototype theory
ExplanationPrototype theory proposes that people categorize objects based on typical features.
#11
What is the difference between a prototype and a schema?
A prototype is a specific instance while a schema is a generalized mental framework
ExplanationPrototypes represent typical examples, while schemas are cognitive frameworks for organizing knowledge.
#12
According to prototype theory, which category member is typically used to represent a category?
The most typical or average member
ExplanationPrototype theory posits that the most typical members are used to represent categories.
#13
What is the main idea behind the theory of fuzzy concepts?
Concepts have vague boundaries and cannot be precisely defined
ExplanationFuzzy concepts acknowledge that some concepts lack clear boundaries and may overlap or vary in interpretation.
#14
According to Rosch's prototype theory, which category is likely to have the most clearly defined prototype?
Categories with more members
ExplanationCategories with more members tend to have clearer prototypes according to Rosch's prototype theory.
#15
What is the main idea behind the theory of social constructivism?
Knowledge is constructed through social interaction
ExplanationSocial constructivism posits that knowledge and understanding are actively constructed through social interaction and collaboration.