#1
In experimental design, what is the purpose of a control group?
To receive the experimental treatment
To provide a baseline for comparison
To analyze the results
To ensure randomness
#2
What is the primary purpose of a pilot study in experimental research?
To gather preliminary data
To test the statistical analysis plan
To conduct the main experiment
To ensure participant blinding
#3
Which of the following is a key component of statistical sampling?
Randomization
Deterministic processing
Fixed sampling
Biased selection
#4
Which statistical sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups and then randomly selecting samples from each subgroup?
Simple random sampling
Stratified random sampling
Cluster sampling
Convenience sampling
#5
In statistical sampling, what does the term 'confidence level' represent?
The probability of making a Type I error
The precision of the sample estimate
The level of significance
The likelihood of obtaining a sample statistic within a certain range
#6
Which type of experimental design involves studying the same group of participants over an extended period of time?
Cross-sectional design
Longitudinal design
Cohort design
Retrospective design
#7
In statistical sampling, what is the purpose of stratification?
To ensure randomness
To create control groups
To reduce variability within subgroups
To establish causation
#8
Which of the following is an advantage of using systematic sampling in statistical research?
Increased simplicity
Reduced sampling bias
Enhanced randomization
Improved generalizability
#9
What is the term for the systematic error in sampling that occurs when the sample is not representative of the population?
Bias
Variance
Confounding
Random error
#10
What is the purpose of blinding in experimental design?
To obscure the results
To eliminate biases
To make the experiment faster
To facilitate communication
#11
What is the main advantage of using a completely randomized design in experiments?
Increased control over extraneous variables
Reduced chance of sampling bias
Balanced representation of participant characteristics
Minimization of order effects
#12
What is the term for the extent to which an experiment measures what it is intended to measure?
Validity
Reliability
Generalizability
Sensitivity
#13
In statistical sampling, what is the difference between simple random sampling and systematic sampling?
The use of random numbers
The level of precision
The inclusion of strata
The order of selection
#14
What is the purpose of statistical power analysis in experimental design?
To determine sample size
To analyze effect size
To calculate p-values
To establish statistical significance