#1
Which stage of sleep is associated with vivid dreaming?
REM Stage
ExplanationREM stage is characterized by rapid eye movement and is when most vivid dreaming occurs.
#2
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
ExplanationMelatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle, increasing at night to promote sleep.
#3
What is the phenomenon where an individual wakes up multiple times during the night without fully realizing it?
Sleep fragmentation
ExplanationSleep fragmentation refers to frequent awakenings during sleep, often disrupting sleep continuity.
#4
Which sleep disorder is characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep patterns?
Sleep apnea
ExplanationSleep apnea involves pauses in breathing during sleep, leading to fragmented sleep and oxygen deprivation.
#5
What is the term for the phenomenon of waking up frequently during the night and having difficulty returning to sleep?
Sleep fragmentation
ExplanationSleep fragmentation involves frequent awakenings during the night, disrupting sleep continuity.
#6
What is a common feature of sleep disorders such as insomnia?
Difficulty falling or staying asleep
ExplanationInsomnia typically involves difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.
#7
Which neurotransmitter is associated with promoting wakefulness and alertness?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in arousal and motivation.
#8
What is the term for the inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up?
Sleep paralysis
ExplanationSleep paralysis is a temporary inability to move or speak during sleep transitions.
#9
Which sleep disorder is characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day?
Narcolepsy
ExplanationNarcolepsy is a sleep disorder involving sudden, uncontrollable bouts of sleepiness during waking hours.
#10
Which neurotransmitter is associated with inhibiting wakefulness and promoting relaxation?
GABA
ExplanationGABA is a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity, promoting relaxation and sleep.
#11
What is the term for the brief transition from wakefulness to sleep characterized by muscle contractions often accompanied by a sensation of falling?
Hypnagogic jerk
ExplanationHypnagogic jerks are involuntary muscle twitches that occur as one falls asleep.
#12
During which stage of sleep do slow-wave sleep (SWS) and delta waves predominate?
NREM Stage 3
ExplanationSlow-wave sleep (SWS) occurs in NREM Stage 3, characterized by deep sleep and delta wave activity.
#13
What is the function of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep in the sleep cycle?
Memory consolidation
ExplanationREM sleep is associated with memory consolidation and processing of emotional experiences.
#14
Which brainwave pattern is associated with deep sleep and the restoration of the body?
Delta waves
ExplanationDelta waves are slow brainwaves characteristic of deep sleep and bodily restoration.
#15
In which stage of sleep does sleepwalking typically occur?
NREM Stage 2
ExplanationSleepwalking often occurs during NREM Stage 2, a lighter stage of non-REM sleep.