#1
Which stage of identity development, according to Erik Erikson, occurs during infancy?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationInfants either develop a sense of trust from consistent care or mistrust from inconsistent or neglectful care.
#2
During which stage of identity development do individuals typically begin to explore their personal values, beliefs, and goals?
Identity Moratorium
ExplanationIndividuals in this stage are actively exploring various identity options.
#3
What is the term for the stage of identity development where an individual has not yet explored or committed to any identity?
Identity Diffusion
ExplanationIndividuals in this stage have not yet explored or committed to any particular identity.
#4
In Erik Erikson's theory, what is the central conflict of the stage 'Identity vs. Role Confusion'?
Identity vs. Identity Diffusion
ExplanationIndividuals in this stage struggle with forming a coherent identity.
#5
During which stage of identity development do individuals establish a clear sense of identity based on their exploration and commitments?
Identity Achievement
ExplanationIndividuals in this stage have explored options and made commitments, resulting in a clear sense of identity.
#6
In Erik Erikson's theory, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Forming a coherent identity
ExplanationAdolescents strive to establish a stable and clear sense of identity during this stage.
#7
Which identity status describes an individual who has made commitments without exploring different options?
Identity Foreclosure
ExplanationIndividuals in this status commit to an identity without exploring other possibilities.
#8
According to James Marcia's identity status theory, which status represents the most advanced level of identity development?
Identity Achievement
ExplanationThis status reflects a clear sense of identity resulting from exploration and commitments.
#9
Which theorist proposed the concept of identity foreclosure?
James Marcia
ExplanationJames Marcia introduced the concept of identity foreclosure in his identity status theory.
#10
What term describes the inability to develop a coherent identity due to an inability to explore options or make commitments?
Identity Diffusion
ExplanationIndividuals in this state lack a clear sense of identity due to not exploring options or making commitments.
#11
Which of the following is not one of the identity statuses proposed by James Marcia?
Identity Repression
ExplanationIdentity Repression is not one of the statuses proposed by James Marcia.
#12
Which theorist emphasized the importance of the social context in identity development, proposing that identities are formed through interactions with others?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky's sociocultural theory underscores the role of social interactions in cognitive development.
#13
According to Erik Erikson, what is the consequence of failing to resolve the identity versus role confusion conflict?
Despair
ExplanationFailure to develop a coherent identity leads to feelings of despair and dissatisfaction.