#1
Which stage of economic development is characterized by a high dependency on agriculture and low levels of industrialization?
Pre-industrial stage
ExplanationEarly phase with agriculture dominance and minimal industrialization.
#2
In which stage of economic development do countries experience rapid growth in manufacturing and industrialization?
Industrial stage
ExplanationPhase marked by significant growth in manufacturing and industrial activities.
#3
Which term refers to the measure of the average level of education and literacy in a country?
Human Development Index (HDI)
ExplanationIndicator measuring the average education and literacy levels in a country.
#4
Which factor is considered a hindrance to economic development in many developing countries?
Corruption and weak governance
ExplanationObstacles to development include corruption and weak governance.
#5
Which organization provides loans and technical assistance to developing countries for development projects?
World Bank
ExplanationWorld Bank offers loans and technical aid for development projects in developing nations.
#6
What is the main feature of the take-off stage in Rostow's stages of economic growth model?
Industrialization begins and investment in infrastructure rises
ExplanationShift towards industrialization and increased infrastructure investments.
#7
What is a characteristic of the 'age of high mass consumption' in Rostow's model of economic development?
Rapid growth in consumer spending and services
ExplanationNotable increase in consumer spending and service sector expansion.
#8
What is a characteristic of the 'dependency theory' regarding economic development?
It suggests that underdeveloped countries are inherently disadvantaged by their reliance on developed nations
ExplanationViews underdeveloped nations as inherently disadvantaged due to reliance on developed countries.
#9
In the context of economic development, what does 'brain drain' refer to?
The loss of skilled professionals and intellectuals to emigration to other countries
ExplanationEmigration of skilled professionals, leading to intellectual loss.
#10
Which stage of economic development is characterized by a shift from manufacturing to services as the dominant sector?
Post-industrial stage
ExplanationTransition phase where services become the dominant sector over manufacturing.
#11
Which economist proposed the 'structural change theory,' emphasizing the shift from agriculture to industry as a key feature of economic development?
Arthur Lewis
ExplanationArthur Lewis highlighted the move from agriculture to industry in economic development.
#12
What is the primary goal of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) implemented by international financial institutions?
To implement austerity measures and promote market-oriented reforms
ExplanationAim to apply austerity measures and encourage market-oriented reforms.
#13
What does the 'Lewis model' of economic development focus on?
The transition from a dual to a modern industrial economy
ExplanationFocuses on the shift from a dual to a modern industrial economy.