#1
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Attributing others' behavior to internal factors
ExplanationMisjudging others' actions as stemming from their inherent traits rather than external circumstances
#2
What is the bystander effect?
The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present
ExplanationPeople are less likely to intervene in emergencies when others are present, assuming someone else will take action.
#3
What is cognitive dissonance?
The feeling of discomfort that arises when there is a discrepancy between one's beliefs and actions
ExplanationThe discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes, leading to a desire to resolve the inconsistency.
#4
What is the anchoring bias?
The tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered
ExplanationThe tendency to give disproportionate weight to the first information received when making decisions.
#5
What is the fundamental difference between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice involves attitudes and beliefs, while discrimination involves actions or behaviors.
ExplanationPrejudice is the prejudgment of others based on characteristics, whereas discrimination involves treating others unfairly based on those characteristics.
#6
What is the confirmation bias?
The tendency to seek out information that supports one's pre-existing beliefs
ExplanationThe inclination to interpret and recall information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs or hypotheses.
#7
What is the bystander intervention effect?
The tendency for individuals to be more likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present
ExplanationPeople are more likely to assist in emergencies when others are present, assuming collective responsibility.
#8
What is the difference between stereotype and prejudice?
Stereotype involves attitudes and beliefs, while prejudice involves actions or behaviors.
ExplanationStereotype refers to generalized beliefs about a group, while prejudice involves negative attitudes or emotions directed towards individuals or groups.
#9
What is the halo effect?
The tendency to perceive someone as having more positive qualities than they actually do
ExplanationForming a positive impression of someone based on one favorable trait, which influences judgments of their other qualities.
#10
What is the difference between in-group and out-group biases?
In-group bias refers to favoring individuals within one's social group, while out-group bias refers to favoring individuals outside of one's social group.
ExplanationIn-group bias involves preferential treatment of individuals belonging to the same group, whereas out-group bias involves prejudice or discrimination against those from different groups.
#11
What is the actor-observer bias?
The tendency to attribute one's own behavior to internal factors and others' behavior to situational factors
ExplanationAttributing one's own actions to personality traits but attributing others' actions to external factors.
#12
What is stereotype threat?
The fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's social group
ExplanationThe concern or anxiety experienced when individuals feel at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group.
#13
What is the self-serving bias?
The tendency to attribute one's success to internal factors and failures to external factors
ExplanationTaking credit for successes but attributing failures to external factors, maintaining self-esteem.
#14
What is the out-group homogeneity bias?
The tendency to perceive members of outgroups as being more similar to one another than they really are
ExplanationAssuming greater similarity among members of an outgroup than among members of one's ingroup.