#1
Which theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain a balance between their beliefs and attitudes?
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
ExplanationPeople strive to reconcile conflicting beliefs and attitudes to alleviate discomfort.
#2
What is the term for a set of expectations and norms about how people should behave in a particular social position?
Social Role
ExplanationExpected behaviors associated with a particular social position or status.
#3
In the context of social psychology, what does the term 'ingroup' refer to?
A group to which an individual belongs
ExplanationGroup with which an individual identifies or shares a common identity.
#4
In the context of social psychology, what is the term for a set of cultural expectations for appropriate behavior?
Cultural Norm
ExplanationAccepted behaviors and customs within a particular culture.
#5
What term refers to the tendency of people to conform to the group's expectations in order to fit in?
Conformity
ExplanationIndividuals adjust their behavior to match the group norm for social acceptance.
#6
In social psychology, what is the term for the process of making inferences about the causes of one's own and others' behaviors?
Social Cognition
ExplanationUnderstanding the reasons behind behavior, both for oneself and others.
#7
Which psychologist is known for the concept of the social identity theory?
Henri Tajfel
ExplanationExplored how group membership shapes self-concept and behavior.
#8
Which phenomenon refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working collectively compared to individually?
Social Loafing
ExplanationReduced individual effort when part of a group due to diffusion of responsibility.
#9
Which concept describes the tendency for people to attribute their success to internal factors while attributing their failures to external factors?
Self-Serving Bias
ExplanationTendency to credit oneself for successes but blame external factors for failures.
#10
Who conducted the famous Stanford prison experiment, studying the psychological effects of perceived power?
Philip Zimbardo
ExplanationExamined the impact of authority and power dynamics on behavior.
#11
What is the term for the tendency to attribute positive events to one's own character but attribute negative events to external factors?
Self-Serving Bias
ExplanationPeople credit themselves for success but blame external factors for failure.
#12
What is the term for the reduction in group performance due to obstacles such as decreased motivation and coordination?
Social Inhibition
ExplanationDecline in group productivity caused by factors like reduced motivation or coordination.
#13
According to the social exchange theory, individuals seek relationships that provide the greatest ratio of what?
Rewards to Costs
ExplanationRelationships are evaluated based on the benefits gained versus the effort and costs involved.
#14
Who proposed the social cognitive theory, emphasizing the role of observational learning and modeling in behavior?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationHighlighted the influence of observation and imitation on behavior in social contexts.