#1
Which of the following is an example of conformity in social psychology?
Changing behavior to fit group norms
ExplanationConformity involves adjusting one's behavior to align with group norms.
#2
What does the term 'group polarization' refer to in social psychology?
The strengthening of pre-existing attitudes through discussion within a group
ExplanationGroup polarization is the reinforcement of existing attitudes when discussed within a group setting.
#3
What is the 'bystander effect' in social psychology?
The phenomenon where people are less likely to offer help in the presence of others
ExplanationThe bystander effect is the reduced likelihood of helping others when more people are present.
#4
According to social identity theory, what is one way individuals enhance their self-esteem?
By identifying with successful social groups
ExplanationSelf-esteem is boosted by identifying with and belonging to successful social groups.
#5
What is the central idea behind social facilitation?
The tendency for individuals to perform better on simple tasks in the presence of others
ExplanationSocial facilitation involves improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others.
#6
Which term describes the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in a group setting?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing is the tendency to reduce effort when working collectively on a task.
#7
According to social exchange theory, what motivates individuals in social interactions?
Self-interest
ExplanationSocial exchange theory posits that individuals are motivated by self-interest in social interactions.
#8
Which theory in social psychology suggests that people learn how to behave and shape attitudes by observing the behavior of others?
Social learning theory
ExplanationSocial learning theory proposes that individuals learn behavior and attitudes by observing others.
#9
What is the term for the process of categorizing people into social groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, or nationality?
Social identity
ExplanationSocial identity involves categorizing people into groups based on shared characteristics.
#10
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias involves attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
#11
Which concept in social psychology refers to the tendency for individuals to comply with a request from an authority figure, even if it goes against their personal beliefs or morals?
Obedience
ExplanationObedience is the compliance with authority figures, even if conflicting with personal beliefs.
#12
What is the term for the tendency of individuals to conform to the majority opinion, even if they privately disagree?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity is the tendency to align with the majority opinion, even if privately disagreeing.
#13
What is the term for the tendency of individuals to perform better on tasks when they are being observed by others?
Social facilitation
ExplanationSocial facilitation involves improved performance when individuals are observed by others.
#14
Which theory in social psychology focuses on how individuals construct their self-concept based on their membership in social groups?
Social identity theory
ExplanationSocial identity theory examines how self-concept is shaped by membership in social groups.
#15
What is the term for the tendency to underestimate the impact of situational factors and overestimate the role of personal factors in explaining other people's behavior?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationFundamental attribution error involves attributing others' behavior more to internal factors and less to situational factors.
#16
Which social psychological concept describes the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working collectively on a task?
Social loafing
ExplanationSocial loafing is the tendency to reduce effort when working collectively on a task.
#17
What is 'groupthink' in social psychology?
The tendency for group members to withhold contrary opinions
ExplanationGroupthink is when group members avoid expressing opposing views to maintain group harmony.
#18
What does the Robbers Cave experiment illustrate about group behavior?
The role of competition in increasing intergroup conflict
ExplanationThe Robbers Cave experiment demonstrates how competition intensifies intergroup conflict.
#19
What is the term for the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal factors while overlooking situational influences?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationFundamental attribution error involves attributing others' behavior to internal factors and neglecting situational influences.
#20
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals conform to the behavior of others because they genuinely believe that others are correct?
Informational social influence
ExplanationInformational social influence involves conforming because one believes others have accurate information.
#21
In the context of social psychology, what is cognitive dissonance?
The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes
ExplanationCognitive dissonance is the discomfort from conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
#22
According to the elaboration likelihood model, what determines the route to persuasion taken by an individual?
All of the above
ExplanationThe elaboration likelihood model states that various factors determine the persuasion route, including motivation, ability, and message relevance.
#23
What does the term 'deindividuation' mean in the context of social psychology?
The loss of self-awareness and restraint in group situations
ExplanationDeindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and restraint in group settings.
#24
Which term describes the phenomenon where individuals in a group make riskier decisions than they would individually?
Group polarization
ExplanationGroup polarization involves making riskier decisions in a group setting than individually.