#1
Which theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain consistency between their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationPeople strive to align their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to avoid psychological discomfort.
#2
What is the term used to describe the tendency of people to conform to the group's norms, even when they are contrary to one's own beliefs?
Conformity
ExplanationIndividuals often align their beliefs and behaviors with the group, even if it contradicts personal beliefs.
#3
What concept suggests that people are more likely to comply with a request if it is preceded by a smaller request that they agree to?
Foot-in-the-door technique
ExplanationStarting with a small request increases the likelihood of compliance with larger requests later.
#4
Which term refers to the tendency for people to exert less effort when working together in a group compared to when working individually?
Social loafing
ExplanationPeople exert less effort in group tasks, expecting others to compensate.
#5
Which theory suggests that people's behaviors are influenced by observing others and the consequences of those behaviors?
Social learning theory
ExplanationBehaviors are learned through observation of others and their outcomes.
#6
What is the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working collectively on a task that requires a group effort?
Social loafing
ExplanationPeople tend to reduce effort when part of a group, relying on others to compensate.
#7
Which term describes the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationPeople credit themselves for success but blame external factors for failure.
#8
In the Stanford prison experiment, who conducted the study?
Philip Zimbardo
ExplanationPhilip Zimbardo conducted the infamous Stanford prison experiment.
#9
Which experiment demonstrated the power of obedience to authority, where participants were willing to administer potentially lethal electric shocks to others?
Milgram obedience experiment
ExplanationStanley Milgram's experiment showed people's inclination to obey authority figures, even to the point of harming others.
#10
What concept refers to the increased likelihood of helping others when in the presence of others compared to when alone?
Bystander effect
ExplanationPeople are less likely to help others in emergencies when others are present, assuming someone else will intervene.
#11
Who proposed the social identity theory, which suggests that individuals strive to improve their self-image by identifying with specific social groups?
Henri Tajfel
ExplanationHenri Tajfel proposed that individuals enhance their self-esteem by identifying with social groups.
#12
Which term describes the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal factors while underestimating situational factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationWe tend to attribute others' behavior to their character rather than considering situational influences.
#13
In the context of social psychology, what does the term 'stereotype threat' refer to?
The fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group
ExplanationThe fear of fulfilling negative stereotypes about a group, which can impair performance.
#14
Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationLeon Festinger proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance.
#15
According to social identity theory, what is the term for the tendency to favor one's own group over others?
In-group bias
ExplanationPeople favor their own social group over others, seeking a positive social identity.
#16
Who conducted the famous conformity experiments involving line judgments?
Solomon Asch
ExplanationSolomon Asch conducted renowned conformity experiments involving line judgments.
#17
What term refers to the tendency for individuals to perform better on simple or well-rehearsed tasks in the presence of others?
Social facilitation
ExplanationPeople perform better on familiar tasks when observed by others.
#18
What term refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to provide help to others in an emergency situation when others are present?
Bystander effect
ExplanationPeople are less likely to help in emergencies when others are present due to diffusion of responsibility.
#19
Who proposed the theory of self-perception, suggesting that individuals infer their attitudes from their behaviors?
Daryl Bem
ExplanationDaryl Bem proposed the theory of self-perception, suggesting attitudes derive from observing one's behavior.
#20
In the context of group behavior, what is the term used to describe the tendency for group members to suppress dissenting viewpoints in favor of group consensus?
Groupthink
ExplanationGroupthink occurs when group members prioritize harmony over critical evaluation, leading to flawed decisions.
#21
What is the term used to describe the tendency of people to perform better when they are being watched?
Social facilitation
ExplanationIndividuals tend to perform better on tasks when they are being observed by others.
#22
Which term refers to a phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to make riskier decisions than they would alone?
Risky shift
ExplanationGroups tend to make riskier decisions collectively than individuals do alone.
#23
What term refers to the process of changing one's attitudes or beliefs to match those of a group?
Social influence
ExplanationIndividuals adjust their attitudes or beliefs to conform to group norms.
#24
Which concept describes the tendency for people to exert more effort into a task when they believe it is important or meaningful?
Social facilitation
ExplanationPeople increase effort on tasks they consider important, especially when observed.
#25
Who is credited with developing the concept of cognitive dissonance, which suggests that individuals experience discomfort when their beliefs or attitudes are inconsistent with their actions?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationLeon Festinger is credited with developing the concept of cognitive dissonance.