#1
What is the term for the mental process of making judgments and forming impressions about others?
Social Perception
ExplanationThe process of forming impressions and making judgments about other people.
#2
What is the term for the tendency to attribute positive actions to one's own character and negative actions to external factors?
Self-serving Bias
ExplanationTendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal factors and negative outcomes to external factors.
#3
What is the term for the phenomenon where people tend to favor and provide preferential treatment to individuals who are similar to themselves?
In-group Bias
ExplanationThe tendency to favor and provide preferential treatment to members of one's own group.
#4
In social psychology, what does the term 'deindividuation' refer to?
Loss of self-awareness in a group setting
ExplanationThe loss of individual identity and self-awareness in group settings, often leading to increased conformity.
#5
What is the term for the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal factors while attributing our own behavior to external factors?
Actor-Observer Bias
ExplanationThe tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors while attributing one's own behavior to external factors.
#6
Which of the following is an example of a nonverbal cue in social perception?
Facial expression
ExplanationFacial expressions convey information without the use of words.
#7
What term is used to describe the cognitive process by which we categorize people into social groups based on their characteristics?
Categorization
ExplanationThe process of organizing individuals into groups based on shared characteristics.
#8
Which cognitive bias involves forming an opinion about someone based on the first information received about them?
Primacy Effect
ExplanationThe tendency for first impressions to heavily influence subsequent perceptions and judgments.
#9
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when others are present?
Bystander Effect
ExplanationThe tendency for individuals to be less likely to offer help to a victim when others are present.
#10
Which concept refers to the tendency to underestimate the impact of situational factors and overestimate the influence of dispositional factors when analyzing others' behavior?
Fundamental Attribution Error
ExplanationThe tendency to attribute others' behavior to dispositional factors and underestimate the influence of situational factors.
#11
In the context of social perception, what does the term 'schema' refer to?
A mental framework for organizing information
ExplanationA cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information.
#12
Which concept involves the tendency to attribute internal characteristics to members of an out-group and see them as more homogenous than members of the in-group?
Out-group Homogeneity
ExplanationThe tendency to perceive members of an out-group as more similar to each other than members of the in-group.
#13
According to the two-factor theory of emotion, what is the first stage of the emotional response process?
Physiological Arousal
ExplanationThe initial physiological arousal in response to a stimulus, which is then interpreted to generate an emotional response.
#14
According to the social comparison theory, in what situations do individuals tend to compare themselves to others?
When they feel inferior
ExplanationIndividuals tend to compare themselves to others when they feel inferior or uncertain about themselves.
#15
What term is used to describe the tendency to judge someone based on the overall impression of their personality?
Halo Effect
ExplanationThe tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable impression of a person based on a single trait or characteristic.
#16
In social psychology, what does the term 'attribution' refer to?
Assigning motives and intentions to others
ExplanationThe process of explaining the causes of behavior, often by attributing motives and intentions to others.
#17
Which social cognitive theory emphasizes observational learning and modeling as crucial in the development of behavior?
Social Learning Theory
ExplanationTheory that emphasizes the importance of observational learning and modeling in the development of behavior.
#18
In the context of social cognition, what is the 'halo effect'?
Tendency to judge others based on a single positive trait
ExplanationThe tendency to generalize positive impressions of a person to other unrelated traits.
#19
According to the social identity theory, what is the process of categorizing oneself as a member of a particular social group called?
Social Categorization
ExplanationThe process of identifying oneself as a member of a particular social group.
#20
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving Bias
ExplanationTendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
#21
According to the social exchange theory, what motivates individuals in social interactions?
Reciprocity and mutual benefit
ExplanationThe expectation of mutual benefit and the principle of reciprocity.
#22
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals tend to perform better when they are being observed by others?
Social Facilitation
ExplanationThe tendency for individuals to perform better on simple or well-rehearsed tasks when in the presence of others.
#23
According to the cognitive dissonance theory, what do individuals experience when they hold conflicting beliefs or attitudes?
Cognitive Dissonance
ExplanationThe discomfort or psychological tension experienced when holding conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.
#24
In the context of social cognition, what is the 'false consensus effect'?
Overestimating the prevalence of one's own beliefs and behaviors
ExplanationThe tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.
#25
What is the term for the tendency to conform to the majority opinion, even if it goes against one's own beliefs?
Conformity
ExplanationThe tendency to adjust one's beliefs or behaviors to align with those of the majority, even if it contradicts one's own beliefs.