#1
Which term refers to the tendency for individuals to adjust their behaviors or beliefs to match those of the group?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity is the tendency to align one's behavior or beliefs with those of the group.
#2
Which term refers to the tendency for individuals to increase their effort when working collectively on a task compared to when working individually?
Social facilitation
ExplanationSocial facilitation is the tendency for individuals to exert more effort when working collectively on a task than when working individually.
#3
What term describes the tendency for group discussion to enhance the initial leanings of group members?
Group polarization
ExplanationGroup polarization is the tendency for group discussion to amplify the initial attitudes or opinions of group members.
#4
In which famous psychological experiment did participants administer electric shocks to others based on orders from an authority figure?
Milgram experiment
ExplanationThe Milgram experiment involved participants administering electric shocks to others based on orders from an authority figure.
#5
Which psychological phenomenon involves individuals conforming to a group's behavior or opinions due to a desire to be accepted or liked by the group?
Normative social influence
ExplanationNormative social influence is the tendency for individuals to conform to a group's behavior or opinions to be accepted or liked by the group.
#6
Who conducted the famous conformity experiments known as the Asch conformity experiments?
Solomon Asch
ExplanationSolomon Asch conducted the influential Asch conformity experiments.
#7
Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of conformity according to Asch's conformity experiments?
Increased group unanimity
ExplanationIncreased group unanimity enhances the likelihood of conformity in Asch's experiments.
#8
What is the phenomenon in which the presence of others inhibits an individual's willingness to help in an emergency situation?
Bystander effect
ExplanationThe bystander effect is when the presence of others hinders helping behavior in emergencies.
#9
According to the social identity theory, what is a factor that influences group cohesion?
Similarity among group members
ExplanationSimilarity among group members influences group cohesion according to social identity theory.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a type of conformity identified by Kelman?
Congruence
ExplanationCongruence is not a type of conformity identified by Kelman.
#11
Which theorist proposed the concept of 'groupthink,' where members of a cohesive group may prioritize consensus over critical thinking, leading to poor decision-making?
Irving Janis
ExplanationIrving Janis introduced the concept of 'groupthink,' emphasizing the dangers of prioritizing consensus over critical thinking in cohesive groups.
#12
In the context of social identity theory, what is an ingroup?
A group to which an individual belongs and identifies with
ExplanationAn ingroup, in social identity theory, is a group to which an individual belongs and identifies with.
#13
Which psychological phenomenon involves individuals feeling less accountable for their actions when they are part of a group?
Diffusion of responsibility
ExplanationDiffusion of responsibility is the phenomenon where individuals feel less accountable for their actions when part of a group.
#14
What term describes the tendency for groups to make more extreme decisions than individuals would make alone?
Group polarization
ExplanationGroup polarization is the tendency for groups to make more extreme decisions than individuals would make alone.
#15
Who developed the 'realistic conflict theory,' which suggests that intergroup hostility and conflict arise from competition over limited resources?
Muzafer Sherif
ExplanationMuzafer Sherif developed the 'realistic conflict theory,' proposing that intergroup hostility arises from competition over limited resources.