#1
Which stage of sleep is associated with rapid eye movement (REM)?
Stage 2
ExplanationREM sleep occurs primarily during stage 2.
#2
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles?
Melatonin
ExplanationMelatonin regulates the body's internal clock.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a type of psychoactive drug?
Antibiotic
ExplanationAntibiotics are not psychoactive drugs.
#4
Which psychoactive drug is commonly used to treat insomnia?
Melatonin
ExplanationMelatonin supplements are often used to improve sleep.
#5
What is a common side effect of benzodiazepines, a class of psychoactive drugs used as sedatives?
Memory impairment
ExplanationBenzodiazepines can cause memory problems.
#6
What is sleep apnea?
A sleep disorder characterized by frequent pauses in breathing during sleep
ExplanationSleep apnea involves breathing interruptions during sleep.
#7
What is the primary psychoactive component in marijuana?
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
ExplanationTHC is responsible for marijuana's psychoactive effects.
#8
What is the term for the condition in which an individual experiences excessive daytime sleepiness despite having adequate nighttime sleep?
Narcolepsy
ExplanationNarcolepsy causes daytime sleepiness despite sufficient rest.
#9
Which of the following is a symptom of sleep deprivation?
Mood swings
ExplanationSleep deprivation can cause mood disturbances.
#10
Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by alcohol, leading to its effects on the central nervous system?
GABA
ExplanationAlcohol enhances GABA activity in the brain.
#11
Which neurotransmitter is primarily targeted by opioids, leading to their pain-relieving effects?
Endorphins
ExplanationOpioids mimic endorphins in the brain.
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals experience hallucinations just before falling asleep or upon waking up?
Hypnagogic hallucinations
ExplanationHypnagogic hallucinations occur during sleep onset or awakening.
#13
Which of the following is NOT a common effect of sleep on memory?
Increased forgetfulness
ExplanationSleep typically improves memory, reducing forgetfulness.