#1
Which term refers to an individual's overall perception of their abilities, behaviors, and characteristics?
Self-concept
ExplanationSelf-concept encompasses one's perceptions of oneself across various dimensions.
#2
What does social identity primarily involve?
Sense of belonging to a group
ExplanationSocial identity pertains to feeling connected to and identifying with a particular group.
#3
Which theory posits that individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups, leading to ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination?
Social identity theory
ExplanationSocial identity theory explains how group categorization influences behavior and attitudes towards ingroups and outgroups.
#4
What is the term for the process of comparing oneself to others in order to evaluate one's own abilities, opinions, and emotions?
Social comparison
ExplanationSocial comparison involves assessing oneself relative to others to understand one's own abilities, opinions, and emotions.
#5
What is the term for the process by which individuals seek to maintain consistency between their self-concept and their behavior?
Self-regulation
ExplanationSelf-regulation involves aligning behavior with one's self-concept to maintain consistency.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a component of self-concept according to Carl Rogers?
Social self
ExplanationSocial self is not a component of Carl Rogers' self-concept theory.
#7
In social identity theory, what does the term 'ingroup' refer to?
A group with similar interests or characteristics as oneself
ExplanationIn social identity theory, an ingroup is a group with which an individual identifies and shares common interests or characteristics.
#8
Which factor plays a significant role in shaping an individual's social identity?
Early childhood experiences
ExplanationEarly childhood experiences contribute significantly to the formation of an individual's social identity.
#9
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals tend to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias involves attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to maintain self-esteem.
#10
According to symbolic interactionism, how do individuals develop their self-concepts?
Through interactions with others and the symbols that represent their roles
ExplanationSymbolic interactionism posits that self-concept develops through interactions with others and the symbols representing one's roles in society.
#11
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are more likely to remember information that is consistent with their existing beliefs or self-concept?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias refers to the tendency to recall and prioritize information that confirms existing beliefs or self-concept.
#12
Which theory suggests that individuals strive to maintain consistency between their self-concept and their behavior, and when inconsistencies arise, they experience cognitive discomfort?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory explains the discomfort felt when one's behavior is inconsistent with their self-concept, motivating efforts to restore consistency.