#1
Which term refers to the overall perception that an individual has of themselves?
Self-concept
ExplanationSelf-concept encompasses the multifaceted view an individual holds about their own identity and characteristics.
#2
What term describes the process of adjusting one's behavior to align with socially accepted standards?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity involves adapting one's behavior to adhere to societal norms and expectations, promoting social harmony and acceptance.
#3
In the context of self-concept, what term refers to the tendency to attribute positive qualities to oneself while attributing negative qualities to others?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias involves the inclination to attribute positive qualities to oneself and negative qualities to others, enhancing one's self-esteem and maintaining a positive self-image.
#4
Which social psychological concept involves the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal factors, such as personality or disposition?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationThe fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal characteristics rather than considering external factors, leading to potential misjudgments.
#5
Which psychological theory suggests that individuals strive to maintain consistency between their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory posits that individuals are motivated to maintain consistency between their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, leading to psychological discomfort if inconsistencies arise.
#6
What is the process of actively shaping and managing one's identity called?
Identity management
ExplanationIdentity management involves the deliberate efforts to shape, control, and present one's identity to others in social contexts.
#7
Which theory suggests that individuals have different 'selves' that emerge in various social contexts?
Symbolic interactionism
ExplanationSymbolic interactionism posits that individuals develop distinct 'selves' through interactions with others and the interpretation of symbols in different social situations.
#8
Which of the following is a component of self-concept that involves the beliefs and feelings about one's abilities and skills?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationSelf-efficacy is a crucial aspect of self-concept, encompassing an individual's beliefs in their own capabilities and competence.
#9
In the context of identity management, what does the term 'facework' refer to?
Managing one's public image
ExplanationFacework involves the strategic efforts to manage and control the impression one presents to others, aiming to maintain a positive public image.
#10
Which psychological concept involves the process of comparing oneself to others who are considered more successful or accomplished?
Social comparison
ExplanationSocial comparison entails evaluating one's abilities, achievements, or attributes by comparing oneself to others who are perceived as more successful or accomplished.
#11
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals downplay or avoid information that threatens their self-esteem?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the tendency to downplay or avoid information that poses a threat to one's self-esteem, preserving a positive self-image.
#12
What term describes the process of presenting oneself in a way that is favorable to social norms and expectations?
Impression management
ExplanationImpression management involves the deliberate efforts to present oneself in a manner that aligns with societal norms and expectations, influencing how others perceive and evaluate the individual.
#13
According to symbolic interactionism, how is the self developed?
Through social interactions and symbols
ExplanationSymbolic interactionism asserts that the self is developed through ongoing social interactions and the interpretation of symbols, shaping one's identity in different social contexts.
#14
What is the term for the process of adapting one's behavior to fit into a particular social group or context?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity is the process of adjusting one's behavior to align with the norms and expectations of a particular social group or context, fostering social cohesion.
#15
In the context of self-concept, what is the 'looking-glass self'?
The idea that we see ourselves through others' perceptions
ExplanationThe looking-glass self concept posits that individuals develop their self-concept by perceiving themselves through the eyes of others, incorporating external perceptions into their self-image.
#16
What is the term for the process of comparing oneself to others to evaluate one's own abilities, attitudes, or beliefs?
Social comparison
ExplanationSocial comparison involves assessing oneself by comparing personal attributes, abilities, or beliefs to those of others in order to determine one's standing or worth.
#17
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary challenge during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationErikson's theory highlights the crucial developmental task during adolescence, where individuals grapple with forming a coherent identity or facing confusion about their role in society.
#18
Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of individuals creating and maintaining a positive self-image?
Self-enhancement theory
ExplanationSelf-enhancement theory underscores the human tendency to prioritize and cultivate positive perceptions of oneself, contributing to overall well-being.
#19
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals prioritize information that confirms their preexisting beliefs or values?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias refers to the cognitive bias where individuals tend to favor and give more weight to information that aligns with their existing beliefs or values.
#20
According to self-discrepancy theory, what are the three selves that individuals may compare?
Actual self, Ideal self, Ought self
ExplanationSelf-discrepancy theory posits that individuals compare their actual self (who they are), ideal self (who they want to be), and ought self (who they should be), influencing their emotional well-being.
#21
What term describes the process of integrating multiple aspects of one's identity into a cohesive self-concept?
Identity synthesis
ExplanationIdentity synthesis involves the process of harmonizing and integrating various aspects of one's identity to create a unified and cohesive self-concept.
#22
Which term refers to the mental and emotional evaluation of one's own worth?
Self-esteem
ExplanationSelf-esteem is the subjective and emotional assessment of one's own worth, encompassing feelings of self-worth and value.
#23
In identity management, what does the term 'anchoring' refer to?
Maintaining status quo
ExplanationAnchoring in identity management involves maintaining the existing status quo or preserving aspects of one's identity to ensure stability and continuity in social interactions.
#24
What is the term for the process of actively managing and controlling the information about oneself that is shared with others?
Impression management
ExplanationImpression management involves actively controlling and shaping the information about oneself that is shared with others, aiming to create a desired impression.
#25
According to self-determination theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Autonomy, Belongingness, Competence
ExplanationSelf-determination theory identifies autonomy, belongingness, and competence as fundamental psychological needs that drive human behavior, influencing overall well-being and motivation.