#1
Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?
Alveoli
ExplanationAlveoli facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.
#2
What is the term for the process of air moving into and out of the lungs during breathing?
Ventilation
ExplanationVentilation refers to the process of air moving into and out of the lungs, involving inspiration and expiration.
#3
Which respiratory parameter is defined as the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath?
Tidal Volume
ExplanationTidal Volume represents the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath, without any additional effort.
#4
What is the primary role of the diaphragm in respiration?
Generate negative pressure for inhalation
ExplanationThe diaphragm contracts during inhalation, creating negative pressure in the thoracic cavity, which draws air into the lungs.
#5
Which respiratory parameter represents the maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a maximal inhalation?
Vital Capacity
ExplanationVital Capacity measures the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation, providing insight into lung function and capacity.
#6
What is the medical term for difficulty breathing?
Dyspnea
ExplanationDyspnea refers to labored or difficult breathing often associated with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions.
#7
Which respiratory disorder is characterized by the inflammation of the bronchial tubes?
Bronchitis
ExplanationBronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by viral or bacterial infections.
#8
Which of the following is a common risk factor for respiratory disorders?
Smoking
ExplanationSmoking is a significant risk factor for various respiratory conditions, including COPD, lung cancer, and pneumonia.
#9
In respiratory acidosis, what happens to the pH and carbon dioxide levels in the blood?
pH decreases, CO2 increases
ExplanationRespiratory acidosis results in decreased blood pH due to increased carbon dioxide levels, often caused by hypoventilation.
#10
What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Smoking
ExplanationSmoking is the leading cause of COPD, causing inflammation and damage to the airways and alveoli over time.
#11
Which of the following is a symptom of respiratory distress in a patient?
Cyanosis
ExplanationCyanosis, characterized by bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, indicates poor oxygenation and respiratory distress.
#12
What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?
Prevent alveolar collapse
ExplanationSurfactant reduces surface tension, preventing alveoli from collapsing during exhalation.
#13
Which respiratory parameter represents the total volume of air inspired and expired in one minute?
Minute Ventilation
ExplanationMinute Ventilation measures the total amount of air exchanged in one minute, including tidal volume and respiratory rate.
#14
Which part of the brain controls the basic respiratory rhythm and rate?
Medulla oblongata
ExplanationThe medulla oblongata, specifically the respiratory center, regulates the basic rhythm and rate of breathing.
#15
What is the primary function of the epiglottis during swallowing?
Preventing food aspiration
ExplanationThe epiglottis prevents food and liquids from entering the airway during swallowing, directing them toward the esophagus.
#16
In pulmonary function testing, what does FEV1 represent?
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second
ExplanationFEV1 measures the volume of air forcibly exhaled from the lungs in the first second of exhalation, used to assess lung function.
#17
Which respiratory condition is characterized by the collapse of the small airways during expiration?
Bronchiolitis
ExplanationBronchiolitis involves the inflammation and narrowing of the small airways, leading to their collapse during expiration.