#1
Which of the following is a qualitative research method?
Case study
ExplanationIn-depth examination of a single instance or event.
#2
What is the primary purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationTo establish the standard against which the experimental group is compared.
#3
Which of the following sampling techniques involves selecting participants who are easily accessible or convenient?
Convenience sampling
ExplanationSelecting participants based on ease of access or availability.
#4
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
Median
ExplanationMiddle value in a sorted list of values.
#5
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in scientific research?
To provide a tentative explanation for observed phenomena
ExplanationTestable prediction about relationship between variables.
#6
Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?
Standard deviation
ExplanationMeasure of the spread of data points around the mean.
#7
What is the purpose of random sampling in research?
To ensure all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected
ExplanationIncreases generalizability by giving each member of population equal opportunity of selection.
#8
Which statistical test is used to determine the relationship between two continuous variables?
Pearson correlation
ExplanationMeasures the strength and direction of linear relationship between two variables.
#9
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To eliminate bias in assigning participants to groups
ExplanationEnsures each participant has an equal chance of being in any experimental condition.
#10
What is the purpose of informed consent in research involving human participants?
To protect participants from harm and ensure they understand the study
ExplanationParticipants give voluntary agreement after being informed of risks and benefits.
#11
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a cross-sectional research design?
It is prone to cohort effects
ExplanationCannot assess changes in individuals over time, susceptible to generational differences.
#12
What is the purpose of debriefing in research involving human participants?
To inform participants about the purpose of the study and address any concerns
ExplanationProvide information after study completion, clarify any misunderstandings.
#13
What is the purpose of a pilot study in research?
To test the feasibility and effectiveness of research procedures
ExplanationSmall-scale trial run to identify and rectify issues before main study.
#14
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Pretest-posttest design
ExplanationLacks random assignment, compares groups that are not created by the researcher.
#15
Which type of research design involves observing and recording behavior in its natural environment?
Observational design
ExplanationStudy of subjects in their natural setting without manipulation.
#16
What is the difference between reliability and validity in research?
Reliability refers to consistency, while validity refers to accuracy
ExplanationReliability ensures consistent results, validity ensures accuracy of results.