#1
Which of the following is a qualitative research method?
Case study
ExplanationQualitative research method focusing on in-depth analysis of a single subject or group.
#2
What is the purpose of a pilot study in research?
To test the feasibility and effectiveness of the research design
ExplanationSmall-scale study conducted before the main study to test procedures.
#3
What is a within-subjects design in experimental research?
A design in which each participant is exposed to all experimental conditions
ExplanationDesign where each participant experiences all experimental conditions.
#4
What is the purpose of a correlation coefficient in statistical analysis?
To determine the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables
ExplanationStatistic indicating the strength and direction of a relationship.
#5
What is the purpose of an ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) in statistical analysis?
To compare means of three or more groups
ExplanationStatistical test used to compare means of three or more groups.
#6
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To serve as a baseline for comparison
ExplanationGroup in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, used for comparison.
#7
Which statistical measure is used to measure the central tendency of a set of scores?
Mean
ExplanationArithmetic average used to represent the typical value in a dataset.
#8
What is a confounding variable in experimental research?
An extraneous variable that is not controlled for and may affect the dependent variable
ExplanationVariable other than the independent variable that influences the results.
#9
Which research design is characterized by the manipulation of an independent variable and random assignment of participants to conditions?
Experimental design
ExplanationResearch design where the investigator manipulates the independent variable.
#10
In survey research, what is a Likert scale?
A scale for measuring attitudes using a range of responses
ExplanationScale used to measure attitudes or opinions with multiple response options.
#11
What is a quasi-experimental design in research?
A design that lacks random assignment
ExplanationResearch design lacking random assignment to treatment groups.
#12
What is a double-blind procedure in experimental research?
When both the experimenter and participants are unaware of the experimental conditions
ExplanationExperiment where neither the experimenter nor the participants know the conditions.
#13
In survey research, what is a response bias?
A systematic pattern of inaccurate responses
ExplanationTendency for respondents to answer questions inaccurately, systematically.
#14
What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in psychological research?
To ensure the ethical treatment of research participants
ExplanationBody responsible for ensuring research meets ethical standards.
#15
What does it mean if research findings are statistically significant?
The results are unlikely to have occurred by random variation alone
ExplanationProbability that the observed results occurred by chance is low.
#16
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure that participants are similar at the beginning of the study
ExplanationAssigning participants to groups randomly to minimize bias.
#17
What is the difference between reliability and validity in research measurement?
Reliability refers to consistency, while validity refers to accuracy
ExplanationReliability is the consistency of measurement; validity is the accuracy.