#1
Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation or control?
Naturalistic observation method
ExplanationObserving and recording behavior in real-life settings without interference.
#2
In experimental research, what is the purpose of a control group?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationEstablishing a reference group to measure the effect of the independent variable.
#3
What is the primary goal of longitudinal research?
To study the same group of individuals over an extended period
ExplanationExamining subjects over a prolonged timeframe to observe developmental changes.
#4
Which statistical measure assesses the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables?
Correlation coefficient
ExplanationQuantifies the degree and direction of association between two variables.
#5
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To minimize the influence of extraneous variables
ExplanationAssigning participants randomly to groups to control for pre-existing differences.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a true experiment?
Observational study
ExplanationDistinguishing from observational studies, true experiments involve manipulation of variables.
#7
Which of the following is a qualitative research method commonly used in abnormal psychology?
Case study
ExplanationIn-depth analysis of an individual or group to understand abnormal behavior.
#8
What is a confounding variable in research?
A variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables
ExplanationAn extraneous factor influencing both the cause and the outcome.
#9
What is the purpose of blinding in research studies?
To prevent researcher bias in data collection and analysis
ExplanationConcealing information to minimize bias during data collection and analysis.
#10
Which type of validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other populations and settings?
External validity
ExplanationAssessing the degree to which findings apply beyond the study's specific conditions.
#11
What is the purpose of effect size in research?
To assess the practical significance of research findings
ExplanationMeasuring the magnitude of a phenomenon's impact for practical significance.
#12
What is the purpose of a double-blind procedure in research?
To ensure that both participants and researchers are unaware of the study's hypotheses
ExplanationPreventing bias by keeping both participants and researchers unaware of key information.