#1
Which of the following is a qualitative research method?
Case study
ExplanationIn-depth examination of a single instance or phenomenon.
#2
Who is known for the classical conditioning theory in psychology?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationRussian physiologist who demonstrated associative learning via salivation in dogs.
#3
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationAustrian neurologist who developed a theory of the structure of the mind.
#4
Which of the following is a key feature of qualitative research?
In-depth exploration of meanings and experiences
ExplanationFocuses on understanding human behavior from participants' perspectives.
#5
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in research?
To guide the research process
ExplanationProvides a testable prediction to direct investigation.
#6
Which statistical test is used to determine the relationship between two continuous variables?
Correlation analysis
ExplanationEvaluates the strength and direction of linear relationships.
#7
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To establish a baseline for comparison
ExplanationServes as a standard of comparison to assess the effect of the independent variable.
#8
What is the purpose of random assignment in an experimental design?
To reduce the chance of systematic bias
ExplanationMinimizes the influence of extraneous variables, ensuring groups are comparable.
#9
What is the primary difference between a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study?
Longitudinal studies follow the same participants over time
ExplanationExamines changes within the same group over an extended period.
#10
In classical conditioning, what term refers to the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationWeakening of a learned response due to absence of reinforcement.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Variance
ExplanationIndicates the extent to which data points differ from the mean.
#12
In statistics, what does the term 'p-value' represent?
The probability of making a Type I error
ExplanationProbability of incorrectly rejecting a null hypothesis.