#1
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Observation
ExplanationInitial stage involving gathering data through senses or instruments.
#2
Which of the following is not a qualitative research method?
Survey
ExplanationQuantitative method focused on collecting numerical data.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of critical thinking?
Accepting information at face value
ExplanationCritical thinking involves questioning and analyzing information.
#4
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in scientific research?
To provide a tentative explanation
ExplanationProposed explanation based on limited evidence.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of conducting research?
Drawing conclusions without analysis
ExplanationSkipping analysis and directly concluding.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for establishing causality?
Correlation
ExplanationCorrelation does not imply causation.
#7
What does the term 'validity' refer to in research methodology?
The extent to which a study measures what it claims to measure
ExplanationDegree of accuracy in measurement or assessment.
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good research question?
It is clear and specific
ExplanationQuestion that is focused and unambiguous.
#9
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To provide a comparison for the experimental group
ExplanationGroup in an experiment that does not receive the treatment.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a type of sampling method?
Theoretical sampling
ExplanationSampling method where participants are selected based on theory.
#11
What is the purpose of a pilot study?
To test the feasibility of a larger study
ExplanationSmall-scale trial to assess methods and logistics.
#12
What is meant by the term 'statistical significance' in research?
The likelihood that research findings are due to chance
ExplanationProbability that results occurred by random chance.
#13
What is the purpose of conducting a literature review in academic research?
To summarize existing research findings
ExplanationProcess of examining and synthesizing previous studies.
#14
What is the purpose of peer review in academic publishing?
To evaluate the quality and validity of research
ExplanationProcess of evaluation by experts in the field.
#15
In research methodology, what does 'reliability' refer to?
The consistency of a measurement
ExplanationExtent to which a measurement is consistent.
#16
What is the primary purpose of using inferential statistics in research?
To make predictions about populations based on sample data
ExplanationUsing sample data to infer characteristics of a population.
#17
What is reflexivity in qualitative research?
The process of reflecting on one's own biases and assumptions
ExplanationAnalyzing and acknowledging personal biases.
#18
What is a type I error in hypothesis testing?
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
ExplanationErroneously concluding there is an effect when there isn't.