#1
Which of the following is NOT a type of research design commonly used in developmental psychology?
Retrospective design
ExplanationRetrospective design involves looking back at past events, not commonly used for developmental psychology.
#2
Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable in developmental psychology research?
Height
ExplanationHeight is a continuous variable as it can have infinite values within a range.
#3
Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable in developmental psychology research?
Socioeconomic status
ExplanationSocioeconomic status is categorical, placing individuals into distinct groups.
#4
Which of the following is an example of an extraneous variable in developmental psychology research?
The gender of the researcher
ExplanationExtraneous variables like the gender of the researcher can impact study outcomes but are not the focus of investigation.
#5
What is the primary purpose of a cross-sectional research design?
To compare different groups of individuals at the same point in time
ExplanationCross-sectional design compares different groups at one time, providing a snapshot of developmental differences.
#6
In developmental psychology, what does the term 'cohort effect' refer to?
Influence of a person's birth cohort on his or her development
ExplanationCohort effect relates to how individuals from the same generation may experience similar influences affecting development.
#7
What is the main difference between a quasi-experimental design and a true experimental design?
Quasi-experimental designs involve random assignment of participants to groups, while true experimental designs do not.
ExplanationQuasi-experimental designs lack true randomization, unlike experimental designs.
#8
What does the term 'validity' refer to in the context of research design?
The extent to which a study accurately measures what it claims to measure
ExplanationValidity indicates how accurately a study measures what it intends to measure.
#9
What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
To provide a comparison for assessing the effects of the independent variable
ExplanationControl groups offer a baseline for comparing the effects of experimental manipulations.
#10
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a longitudinal research design?
Prone to participant dropout and attrition
ExplanationLongitudinal studies may suffer from participant dropout, leading to incomplete data.
#11
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where participants in a study may change their behavior because they know they are being observed?
Hawthorne effect
ExplanationThe Hawthorne effect occurs when participants alter behavior due to awareness of being observed.