#1
Which of the following is a key component of research design in healthcare?
Literature review
ExplanationCritical analysis of existing literature relevant to the research topic.
#2
Which of the following is a primary goal of sampling in healthcare research?
To minimize selection bias
ExplanationEnsuring the sample accurately represents the population to reduce bias.
#3
What is the purpose of a control group in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in healthcare research?
To provide a baseline for comparison
ExplanationReference group receiving no intervention, used to evaluate the effects of treatment.
#4
What is the significance of a double-blind study design in healthcare research?
To prevent bias in both participants and researchers
ExplanationNeither participants nor researchers know who is receiving the treatment, reducing bias.
#5
What is the primary purpose of triangulation in healthcare research?
To enhance the credibility of study findings
ExplanationIntegration of multiple data sources or methods to validate research results.
#6
What is the purpose of a pilot study in healthcare research?
To test the feasibility of the study
ExplanationPreliminary investigation to evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of research methods.
#7
Which of the following is a qualitative research method commonly used in healthcare studies?
Phenomenological study
ExplanationExploration of individuals' lived experiences to understand shared phenomena.
#8
What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs in healthcare research?
Cross-sectional studies capture data at a single point in time, while longitudinal studies involve repeated measurements over time.
ExplanationCross-sectional: snapshot of data at one time; Longitudinal: data collected over time to observe changes.
#9
Which of the following is a common limitation associated with retrospective study designs in healthcare research?
Recall bias
ExplanationInaccurate recollection of past events or experiences leading to biased results.
#10
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants alter their behavior due to awareness of being observed, affecting the study's results?
Hawthorne effect
ExplanationChanges in behavior or performance due to the awareness of being studied.
#11
What is the term for a type of sampling method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?
Random sampling
ExplanationSelection process where each member has an equal opportunity to be included.
#12
In healthcare research, what does the acronym IRB stand for?
Institutional Review Board
ExplanationEthics committee responsible for reviewing and approving research involving human participants.
#13
What is the purpose of randomization in experimental study designs?
To minimize selection bias
ExplanationRandom assignment of participants to groups to ensure unbiased treatment allocation.
#14
In healthcare research, what does the term 'power' refer to?
The probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis
ExplanationLikelihood of detecting an effect if it exists, thus avoiding Type II error.
#15
What is the primary purpose of a systematic review in healthcare research?
To summarize and synthesize existing evidence
ExplanationComprehensive analysis of available literature to provide a consolidated overview of a topic.