#1
Which of the following is the primary function of the kidneys?
Filtration of blood and excretion of metabolic waste products
ExplanationKidneys filter blood and eliminate metabolic wastes.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Secretion of digestive enzymes
ExplanationKidneys do not secrete digestive enzymes.
#3
What is the primary functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood?
Nephron
ExplanationNephron is the primary filtration unit of the kidney.
#4
What is the term for the collective network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs in the kidneys?
Glomerulus
ExplanationGlomerulus is the site of blood filtration in kidneys.
#5
Which of the following substances is NOT typically found in urine?
Glucose
ExplanationGlucose is usually not present in urine.
#6
What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration?
Nephron
ExplanationNephron is the basic filtration unit of the kidney.
#7
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Aldosterone
ExplanationAldosterone regulates sodium and water balance in the body.
#8
What is the medical term for the formation of kidney stones?
Urolithiasis
ExplanationUrolithiasis refers to the formation of kidney stones.
#9
Which hormone plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and volume by acting on the kidneys?
Aldosterone
ExplanationAldosterone helps regulate blood pressure and volume.
#10
What is the term for the process by which substances move from the renal tubules back into the blood?
Reabsorption
ExplanationReabsorption is the movement of substances from tubules to blood.
#11
Which of the following substances is not typically found in urine?
Glucose
ExplanationGlucose is not normally present in urine.
#12
Which of the following is a condition characterized by the formation of kidney stones?
Nephrolithiasis
ExplanationNephrolithiasis is the formation of kidney stones.
#13
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney?
Glomerulonephritis
ExplanationGlomerulonephritis involves inflammation of kidney glomeruli.
#14
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the body due to impaired kidney function?
Edema
ExplanationEdema results from kidney dysfunction causing fluid accumulation.