#1
Which of the following is a key principle of reinforcement in performance psychology?
Reward
ExplanationReward is a fundamental principle of reinforcement, motivating behavior through positive outcomes.
#2
Which theory suggests that behavior is learned through associations between stimuli and responses?
Operant Conditioning
ExplanationOperant Conditioning posits that behavior is shaped by consequences, strengthening or weakening responses based on their outcomes.
#3
In performance psychology, what does the term 'extrinsic motivation' refer to?
Motivation that comes from external rewards or punishments
ExplanationExtrinsic motivation is driven by external factors such as rewards or punishments, rather than inherent enjoyment or satisfaction.
#4
Which of the following is NOT a component of Self-Determination Theory (SDT)?
Expectancy
ExplanationExpectancy is not a component of SDT, which focuses on autonomy, competence, and relatedness as basic psychological needs.
#5
What is the term used in performance psychology to describe the process of breaking down a complex skill into smaller, manageable parts for easier learning?
Chunking
ExplanationChunking involves breaking down complex information into smaller, more manageable parts to aid learning and memory.
#6
Which type of motivation involves engaging in an activity for the inherent enjoyment and satisfaction derived from the activity itself?
Intrinsic motivation
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation drives behavior based on internal factors such as enjoyment and personal satisfaction rather than external rewards.
#7
According to the concept of 'operant conditioning', which type of reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Negative reinforcement
ExplanationNegative reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby reinforcing the desired behavior.
#8
According to the concept of 'goal-setting theory', which factor refers to the degree to which a person believes they are capable of achieving a specific goal?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationSelf-efficacy reflects an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish specific tasks or goals, influencing motivation and performance.
#9
According to the 'Yerkes-Dodson Law', what relationship exists between arousal levels and performance?
There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance
ExplanationThe Yerkes-Dodson Law describes an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal levels and performance, indicating that moderate levels of arousal optimize performance while extreme levels impair it.
#10
According to Locke's Goal-Setting Theory, what effect does setting specific, challenging goals have on performance?
It increases performance
ExplanationLocke's Goal-Setting Theory suggests that setting specific, challenging goals enhances performance by directing attention, mobilizing effort, and increasing persistence.
#11
What is the term used to describe a state of psychological tension and arousal caused by a discrepancy between one's current state and an ideal state?
Drive
ExplanationDrive refers to a state of psychological tension and arousal resulting from a perceived discrepancy between one's current state and an ideal state, motivating behavior aimed at reducing the discrepancy.