#1
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, what is the primary task during infancy?
Building trust versus mistrust
ExplanationInfants must develop a sense of trust in caregivers and the environment to form healthy relationships later in life.
#2
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during adolescence?
Identity versus role confusion
ExplanationAdolescents struggle to establish a cohesive sense of self amidst societal expectations and personal exploration.
#3
Which term refers to the stage in Erikson's theory where individuals strive to establish intimacy with others and form close relationships?
Intimacy versus isolation
ExplanationAdults seek emotional closeness and meaningful connections, balancing independence with intimacy.
#4
In Erikson's psychosocial development theory, what is the primary challenge faced during the 'industry versus inferiority' stage?
Achieving competence and productivity
ExplanationChildren develop a sense of industry and self-worth through mastering tasks and receiving recognition.
#5
What is the primary focus of Erikson's stage of 'generativity versus stagnation'?
Finding meaning in one's life and contributing to society
ExplanationAdults seek fulfillment by nurturing future generations and leaving a positive legacy.
#6
Which term best describes Erikson's theory, which emphasizes the influence of social experiences across the lifespan?
Psychosocial theory
ExplanationErikson's theory integrates psychological and social factors to explain human development.
#7
Which of the following is NOT one of Erikson's psychosocial stages?
Independence versus dependence
ExplanationThis concept doesn't align with Erikson's theory which emphasizes interdependence and autonomy.
#8
During the 'autonomy versus shame and doubt' stage, what is the main task for toddlers according to Erikson?
Exploring the environment and asserting independence
ExplanationToddlers learn to assert themselves and gain confidence through exploring and making choices.
#9
During Erikson's stage of 'integrity versus despair', individuals reflect on their life. Which outcome characterizes success in this stage?
Feeling satisfied with one's accomplishments
ExplanationSuccess involves accepting life's triumphs and failures, leading to a sense of fulfillment.
#10
In Erikson's theory, what is the key outcome of the 'identity versus role confusion' stage?
Achieving a stable sense of self and identity
ExplanationIndividuals establish a coherent identity by reconciling various roles and societal expectations.
#11
During the 'initiative versus guilt' stage, children begin to assert control and power over their environment. What is a potential risk associated with this stage?
Children may feel guilty about their desires and actions.
ExplanationExcessive guilt may arise from conflicts between pursuing goals and adhering to societal norms.
#12
In Erikson's theory, what is the key challenge during the 'integrity versus despair' stage?
Reflecting on one's life and accepting its meaning
ExplanationIndividuals evaluate their life choices and reconcile past experiences, leading to a sense of fulfillment or regret.