#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of self-actualized individuals according to Maslow?
Sense of humor and creativity
ExplanationSelf-actualized individuals exhibit a sense of humor and creativity, among other traits, as described by Maslow.
#2
What is a primary focus of positive psychology?
Understanding human strengths and virtues
ExplanationPositive psychology emphasizes understanding human strengths and virtues, aiming to enhance well-being and fulfillment.
#3
What is the term for the process of realizing one's potential and capabilities fully?
Self-actualization
ExplanationSelf-actualization refers to the process of realizing one's full potential, achieving personal growth, and fulfilling individual capabilities.
#4
Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'hierarchy of needs'?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow proposed the concept of the hierarchy of needs, which suggests that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with basic needs at the bottom and higher-order needs at the top.
#5
Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of fulfilling basic needs before higher-level needs can be achieved?
Hierarchy of needs theory
ExplanationThe hierarchy of needs theory emphasizes that individuals must fulfill basic physiological and safety needs before progressing to higher-level psychological and self-fulfillment needs.
#6
According to Carl Rogers, what is necessary for self-actualization?
Unconditional positive regard
ExplanationCarl Rogers believed that self-actualization requires an environment of unconditional positive regard, where individuals feel accepted and valued for who they are.
#7
What is the term for the psychological concept that refers to finding meaning and fulfillment in one's life?
Eudaimonia
ExplanationEudaimonia refers to the psychological concept of finding deep meaning, fulfillment, and human flourishing in one's life.
#8
What does the 'flow' state, as described by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, entail?
A state of heightened focus and immersion
ExplanationThe 'flow' state described by Csikszentmihalyi entails a state of heightened focus, immersion, and enjoyment where individuals are fully absorbed in an activity.
#9
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task of young adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
ExplanationErik Erikson proposed that the primary developmental task of young adulthood is resolving the conflict between intimacy and isolation, striving to form meaningful relationships while maintaining a sense of identity.
#10
According to self-determination theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Autonomy, competence, relatedness
ExplanationSelf-determination theory posits that human behavior is driven by the innate needs for autonomy (control over one's actions), competence (effectiveness in interacting with the environment), and relatedness (forming meaningful connections with others).
#11
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of psychological well-being according to Ryff's model?
Material possessions
ExplanationMaterial possessions are not considered a component of psychological well-being according to Ryff's model, which emphasizes factors like self-acceptance, personal growth, and purpose in life.
#12
What is the term for the ability to adapt to life's challenges and maintain psychological well-being in the face of adversity?
Resilience
ExplanationResilience refers to the ability to adapt to life's challenges, bounce back from adversity, and maintain psychological well-being despite difficult circumstances.
#13
Who developed the concept of 'positive psychology'?
Martin Seligman
ExplanationMartin Seligman is credited with developing the concept of positive psychology, which focuses on promoting well-being, resilience, and human flourishing by studying and enhancing positive aspects of life.
#14
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals tend to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the phenomenon where individuals attribute their successes to internal factors like ability or effort while attributing failures to external factors like luck or circumstances, protecting self-esteem and ego.
#15
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task of adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationErik Erikson proposed that the primary developmental task of adolescence is resolving the conflict between identity and role confusion, forming a cohesive sense of self and purpose.