#1
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during infancy?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationInfants develop trust when their needs are consistently met.
#2
According to Jean Piaget, what is the term for the stage where a child begins to use language to explore the world?
Preoperational
ExplanationChildren in this stage begin to use symbols and language but lack logical reasoning.
#3
What is the term used in attachment theory to describe the distress experienced by infants when separated from their primary caregiver?
Separation anxiety
ExplanationIt reflects the bond formed between infants and caregivers.
#4
Which theorist proposed the concept of the 'self-actualization' and the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationMaslow's theory suggests human needs are hierarchical, with self-actualization at the peak.
#5
Which theorist is known for the concept of 'zone of proximal development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky emphasized the importance of social interaction in cognitive development.
#6
Who proposed the concept of 'attachment theory'?
John Bowlby
ExplanationBowlby emphasized the importance of early attachments.
#7
Which of the following concepts is associated with Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of development?
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
ExplanationIt's the range of tasks a child can perform with the help of a more capable individual.
#8
Who proposed the theory of psychosocial development, emphasizing the importance of social interactions and relationships?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErikson's theory emphasizes social influences throughout the lifespan.
#9
Who proposed the psychodynamic theory, emphasizing the role of unconscious conflicts in shaping behavior and personality?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationFreud's theory emphasizes unconscious processes and early experiences.
#10
According to Erik Erikson's theory, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationAdolescents seek to establish a sense of identity.
#11
According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, what term refers to an individual's belief in their capabilities to execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationIt influences motivation and behavior through self-beliefs.
#12
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during early adulthood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
ExplanationYoung adults seek intimate relationships or risk social isolation.
#13
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, which level of moral development is characterized by adherence to societal rules and laws to maintain social order?
Conventional
ExplanationIndividuals conform to societal norms and laws to gain social approval.