Psychological Theories and Development Quiz

Infants either develop a sense of trust or mistrust towards their caregivers based on consistency and responsiveness.

Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of the unconscious mind and the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.

Safety needs, including security and stability, must be met before higher-level needs like love and self-actualization.

Adolescents seek to develop a coherent sense of self amidst societal pressures and role expectations.

Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to achieve goals and perform tasks.

James W. Fowler proposed stages of faith development, outlining how individuals' beliefs evolve throughout life.

Mary Ainsworth developed the Strange Situation procedure to assess attachment styles between infants and caregivers.

Lev Vygotsky proposed the Zone of Proximal Development, highlighting the range of tasks a learner can perform with guidance.

Postconventional morality involves reasoning based on abstract principles of justice and human rights.

Edward Deci and Richard Ryan developed self-determination theory, which emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness in motivation and personality.