#1
Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationSigmund Freud pioneered psychoanalysis, emphasizing the unconscious mind's role in behavior.
#2
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs'?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow introduced the Hierarchy of Needs, outlining human needs from basic survival to self-actualization.
#3
Who developed the theory of cognitive development known as the 'Theory of Mind'?
Simon Baron-Cohen
ExplanationSimon Baron-Cohen contributed to the Theory of Mind, exploring individuals' understanding of mental states.
#4
Who is the proponent of the 'Hierarchy of Cognitive Skills,' which includes skills like knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation?
Benjamin Bloom
ExplanationBenjamin Bloom proposed the Hierarchy of Cognitive Skills, outlining a sequence from basic understanding to higher-order thinking.
#5
Who is known for the concept of 'self-determination theory,' which emphasizes the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in human motivation?
Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
ExplanationEdward Deci and Richard Ryan developed self-determination theory, highlighting autonomy, competence, and relatedness as key motivators.
#6
Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of self-actualization and personal growth?
Humanistic Theory
ExplanationHumanistic Theory focuses on individual potential, self-awareness, and personal growth.
#7
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, what is the primary crisis during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationAdolescence confronts the crisis of forming a stable identity versus confusion about one's role in society.
#8
What is the central idea behind Albert Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism?
Behavior is determined by both internal and external factors
ExplanationReciprocal determinism asserts that behavior is influenced by personal factors, the environment, and cognitive processes.
#9
According to Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory, which stage is characterized by logical thought and the ability to understand abstract concepts?
Formal Operational
ExplanationThe Formal Operational stage in Piaget's theory is marked by abstract reasoning and logical thought.
#10
Which personality theorist proposed the concept of the 'Big Five' personality traits?
Costa and McCrae
ExplanationCosta and McCrae introduced the Big Five personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
#11
What does the 'Cognitive Dissonance Theory' propose about conflicting beliefs and behaviors?
People are motivated to reduce the inconsistency between beliefs and behaviors
ExplanationCognitive Dissonance Theory suggests individuals are motivated to alleviate the discomfort arising from conflicting beliefs and actions.
#12
Who proposed the Social Cognitive Theory, emphasizing observational learning and self-efficacy?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura introduced Social Cognitive Theory, highlighting learning through observation and belief in one's abilities.
#13
In the context of self-determination theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness
ExplanationSelf-determination theory posits autonomy, competence, and relatedness as fundamental psychological needs motivating behavior.
#14
Who developed the concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD)?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky introduced the Zone of Proximal Development, focusing on the range of tasks a learner can perform with guidance.
#15
In the context of positive psychology, what does the term 'flow' refer to?
A mental state of focused concentration and enjoyment
Explanation'Flow' describes a state of deep focus and immersion in an activity, leading to enjoyment and heightened performance.
#16
Who is known for developing the concept of 'Self-Efficacy'?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura is renowned for introducing the concept of self-efficacy, the belief in one's ability to achieve goals.
#17
According to the 'Attachment Theory,' what is the primary attachment figure in a child's early life?
Parents or caregivers
ExplanationAttachment Theory emphasizes the role of parents or caregivers as the primary source of security and attachment in a child's early life.