#1
What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
Observable behavior
ExplanationBehaviorism emphasizes the study and analysis of observable behaviors, excluding mental processes.
#2
Which psychological process involves the interpretation of sensory information?
Perception
ExplanationPerception is the cognitive process of interpreting and organizing sensory information from the environment.
#3
Who is associated with the concept of 'conditioning' in psychology?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationIvan Pavlov is known for his pioneering work on classical conditioning, a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
#4
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated to fulfill physiological needs first?
Drive Reduction Theory
ExplanationDrive Reduction Theory posits that motivation arises from the need to satisfy basic physiological drives, such as hunger or thirst.
#5
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating emotions?
Amygdala
ExplanationThe amygdala plays a central role in the processing and regulation of emotions in the brain.
#6
In classical conditioning, what is the term for a previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response?
Conditioned Stimulus
ExplanationA conditioned stimulus is initially neutral but becomes able to trigger a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
#7
Which neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is a neurotransmitter linked to feelings of pleasure and reward, influencing motivation and reinforcement learning.
#8
What is the term for a defense mechanism in which unacceptable impulses are expressed in a less harmful way?
Sublimation
ExplanationSublimation is a defense mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses are channeled into more socially acceptable forms of expression.
#9
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjection involves attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to others, often as a defense mechanism.
#10
Which type of memory is associated with the recall of general knowledge and facts?
Semantic Memory
ExplanationSemantic memory involves the retention and recall of general knowledge, facts, and concepts.
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Persistent, unwanted thoughts
ExplanationObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is marked by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) leading to repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
#12
Who developed the theory of cognitive development that includes the stages of sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationJean Piaget's theory of cognitive development outlines stages from sensorimotor to formal operational, detailing cognitive growth in children.