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Psychological Phenomena in Information Processing Quiz

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Which psychological phenomenon refers to the tendency to recall the first items in a list more easily?

Primacy effect

Explanation

Tendency to remember initial items due to early encoding

In psychology, what does 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?

The discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes

Explanation

Discomfort from conflicting thoughts or beliefs

Which term describes the tendency to perceive meaningful images or patterns where none exist?

Pareidolia

Explanation

Seeing meaningful patterns in random stimuli

What is the term for the tendency to attribute success to internal factors while attributing failure to external factors?

Self-serving bias

Explanation

Attributing outcomes to enhance self-esteem

Which psychological phenomenon involves the tendency to seek, interpret, and create information that confirms preexisting beliefs?

Confirmation bias

Explanation

Selective attention to information aligning with existing beliefs

What is the term for the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others' behaviors?

Fundamental attribution error

Explanation

Misattributing behaviors to dispositional factors over situational ones

In information processing, what does the 'cocktail party effect' refer to?

The ability to focus on one conversation while filtering out others

Explanation

Selective attention to a specific stimulus amidst distractions

Which term describes the mental shortcut that allows people to make judgments and solve problems efficiently?

Heuristics

Explanation

Efficient decision-making strategies based on shortcuts

What is the term for the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?

Anchoring bias

Explanation

Over-reliance on initial information in decision-making

#10

What term describes the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than completed ones?

Zeigarnik effect

Explanation

Better memory for unfinished tasks

#11

Which term describes the tendency to judge the probability of an event based on how easily examples come to mind?

Availability heuristic

Explanation

Probability judgment based on ease of recall

#12

Which phenomenon involves the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events that are more readily available in memory, often due to their vividness or recent occurrence?

Availability heuristic

Explanation

Overestimating event likelihood due to vividness or recency

#13

Which psychological phenomenon involves the interpretation of ambiguous stimuli in multiple ways?

Pareidolia

Explanation

Perceiving patterns or meanings where none exist

#14

What phenomenon involves the influence of expectations on perceptions, causing them to be perceived as consistent with those expectations?

Expectancy bias

Explanation

Perceptions influenced by expectations

Psychological Phenomena in Information Processing Quiz

Which psychological phenomenon refers to the tendency to recall the first items in a list more easily?

In psychology, what does 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?

Which term describes the tendency to perceive meaningful images or patterns where none exist?

What is the term for the tendency to attribute success to internal factors while attributing failure to external factors?

Which psychological phenomenon involves the tendency to seek, interpret, and create information that confirms preexisting beliefs?

What is the term for the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others' behaviors?

In information processing, what does the 'cocktail party effect' refer to?

Which term describes the mental shortcut that allows people to make judgments and solve problems efficiently?

What is the term for the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?

What term describes the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than completed ones?

Which term describes the tendency to judge the probability of an event based on how easily examples come to mind?

Which phenomenon involves the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events that are more readily available in memory, often due to their vividness or recent occurrence?

Which psychological phenomenon involves the interpretation of ambiguous stimuli in multiple ways?

What phenomenon involves the influence of expectations on perceptions, causing them to be perceived as consistent with those expectations?

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