#1
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with mood regulation?
Serotonin
ExplanationSerotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in regulating mood.
#2
According to the psychodynamic perspective, what is the primary focus of the id?
Pleasure principle
ExplanationThe id, according to the psychodynamic perspective, operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of needs and desires.
#3
What is the primary focus of the cognitive-behavioral perspective on mood and behavior?
Thoughts and behaviors
ExplanationThe cognitive-behavioral perspective focuses on the relationship between thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
#4
Who developed the theory of operant conditioning, which explains behavior as a result of consequences?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning.
#5
What is the main concept behind Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the context of psychological perspectives?
Individual's innate drive for self-actualization
ExplanationMaslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that individuals are motivated by a desire for self-actualization and personal growth.
#6
Which neurotransmitter is associated with reward and reinforcement in the brain's reward system?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, reward, and reinforcement in the brain's reward system.
#7
According to the humanistic perspective, what concept refers to an individual's ability to realize their full potential and achieve personal growth?
Self-actualization
ExplanationSelf-actualization, according to the humanistic perspective, is the realization of one's full potential and pursuit of personal growth.
#8
What term is used to describe the tendency to attribute one's actions to external factors while attributing others' actions to internal factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationThe fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others' actions to internal characteristics while attributing one's actions to external factors.
#9
According to the diathesis-stress model in psychology, what does 'diathesis' refer to?
Biological vulnerability or predisposition
ExplanationDiathesis refers to biological vulnerability or predisposition in the diathesis-stress model of psychology.
#10
In the context of mood disorders, what does the acronym PTSD stand for?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
ExplanationPTSD stands for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, a mood disorder triggered by traumatic events.
#11
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the influence of societal and cultural factors on mood and behavior?
Sociocultural perspective
ExplanationThe sociocultural perspective highlights the impact of societal and cultural factors on mood and behavior.
#12
Who is known for proposing the theory of social learning, emphasizing observational learning and modeling?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura is known for his theory of social learning, which emphasizes the role of observational learning and modeling in behavior.
#13
In the context of mood disorders, which neurotransmitter imbalance is often linked to depression?
Serotonin
ExplanationSerotonin imbalance is often linked to depression, affecting mood regulation and emotional well-being.
#14
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the collective unconscious and archetypes?
Carl Jung
ExplanationCarl Jung is associated with the concept of the collective unconscious and archetypes in psychology.
#15
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with the fight-or-flight response and stress?
Cortisol
ExplanationCortisol is a neurotransmitter associated with the body's response to stress, including the fight-or-flight response.
#16
In the context of mood disorders, what does the term 'bipolar disorder' refer to?
Extreme mood swings between depression and mania
ExplanationBipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings between depressive episodes and manic episodes.