#1
Who is known for proposing the 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationHierarchy of human needs categorized into physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
#2
Who developed the concept of 'self-actualization'?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationFulfilling one's potential and achieving personal growth.
#3
Who proposed the 'Psychosexual Stages of Development' theory?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationStages of development where libido focuses on different erogenous zones.
#4
Who is known for proposing the 'Social Identity Theory'?
Henri Tajfel
ExplanationIndividuals define themselves based on group membership and social categorization.
#5
Who developed the 'Biopsychosocial Model'?
George Engel
ExplanationInteractions between biological, psychological, and social factors influence health and illness.
#6
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in behavior?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationBehavior is influenced by unconscious drives and conflicts stemming from childhood experiences.
#7
According to Albert Bandura's social learning theory, what is the process by which individuals observe and imitate others' behavior?
Modeling
ExplanationLearning through observation and imitation of others' actions.
#8
What is the key idea behind Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Development of identity over the lifespan
ExplanationStages of psychosocial development involve resolving conflicts to form a coherent identity.
#9
Which theory suggests that behavior is influenced by the interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors?
Social cognitive theory
ExplanationUnderstanding behavior through reciprocal interactions between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors.
#10
What does the 'cognitive triad' refer to in Aaron Beck's cognitive theory of depression?
Thoughts about the self, the world, and the future
ExplanationDepression stems from negative views about oneself, the world, and the future.
#11
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of individual choice and free will in behavior?
Humanistic psychology
ExplanationHumans are inherently good and strive for self-actualization through free will.
#12
Which theory suggests that behavior is determined by both the person's traits and the situation?
Interactionism
ExplanationBehavior is influenced by both individual traits and environmental factors.
#13
Who proposed the 'Theory of Multiple Intelligences'?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationIntelligence encompasses multiple domains beyond traditional IQ measures.
#14
According to the 'Theory of Planned Behavior' by Icek Ajzen, what determines an individual's intention to perform a behavior?
Perceived behavioral control
ExplanationIntention is influenced by perceived control over the behavior.
#15
Which theory suggests that behavior is influenced by the interaction between the individual's traits and the social context?
Interactionism
ExplanationBehavior is shaped by individual characteristics and social situations.
#16
Who proposed the 'Theory of Mind'?
Simon Baron-Cohen
ExplanationUnderstanding others' mental states and intentions.
#17
According to the 'Health Belief Model', what influences an individual's health-related behavior?
Perceived benefits and barriers
ExplanationPerceptions of the benefits and barriers influence health-related decisions.
#18
Which theory suggests that behavior is influenced by the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors?
Biopsychosocial theory
ExplanationBehavior is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.
#19
Who proposed the 'Transactional Model of Stress and Coping'?
Richard Lazarus
ExplanationStress involves transactions between individuals and their environments, and coping strategies mitigate stress.
#20
According to the 'Theory of Reasoned Action', what predicts an individual's intention to perform a behavior?
Attitude toward the behavior and subjective norms
ExplanationBehavioral intention is influenced by attitudes toward the behavior and perceived social norms.
#21
According to B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory, what strengthens a behavior's likelihood of recurring?
Positive reinforcement
ExplanationIncreasing the probability of behavior through rewarding consequences.
#22
According to the 'Two-Factor Theory of Emotion' by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, what two factors combine to produce emotions?
Cognitive appraisal and physiological arousal
ExplanationEmotions arise from the combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.
#23
Who proposed the 'Cognitive Developmental Theory', which focuses on the development of moral reasoning?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationStages of moral development based on reasoning about moral dilemmas.
#24
Who proposed the 'Theory of Cognitive Dissonance'?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationInconsistency between attitudes and behaviors leads to psychological discomfort.
#25
Who proposed the 'Sociocultural Theory' of cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationSocial interactions and cultural tools shape cognitive development.