#1
Who is known for proposing the 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationHierarchy of human needs categorized into physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
#2
Who developed the concept of 'self-actualization'?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationFulfilling one's potential and achieving personal growth.
#3
Who proposed the 'Psychosexual Stages of Development' theory?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationStages of development where libido focuses on different erogenous zones.
#4
Who is known for proposing the 'Social Identity Theory'?
Henri Tajfel
ExplanationIndividuals define themselves based on group membership and social categorization.
#5
Who developed the 'Biopsychosocial Model'?
George Engel
ExplanationInteractions between biological, psychological, and social factors influence health and illness.
#6
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in behavior?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationBehavior is influenced by unconscious drives and conflicts stemming from childhood experiences.
#7
According to Albert Bandura's social learning theory, what is the process by which individuals observe and imitate others' behavior?
Modeling
ExplanationLearning through observation and imitation of others' actions.
#8
What is the key idea behind Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Development of identity over the lifespan
ExplanationStages of psychosocial development involve resolving conflicts to form a coherent identity.
#9
Which theory suggests that behavior is influenced by the interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors?
Social cognitive theory
ExplanationUnderstanding behavior through reciprocal interactions between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors.
#10
What does the 'cognitive triad' refer to in Aaron Beck's cognitive theory of depression?
Thoughts about the self, the world, and the future
ExplanationDepression stems from negative views about oneself, the world, and the future.
#11
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of individual choice and free will in behavior?
Humanistic psychology
ExplanationHumans are inherently good and strive for self-actualization through free will.
#12
According to B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory, what strengthens a behavior's likelihood of recurring?
Positive reinforcement
ExplanationIncreasing the probability of behavior through rewarding consequences.
#13
According to the 'Two-Factor Theory of Emotion' by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, what two factors combine to produce emotions?
Cognitive appraisal and physiological arousal
ExplanationEmotions arise from the combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.
#14
Who proposed the 'Cognitive Developmental Theory', which focuses on the development of moral reasoning?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationStages of moral development based on reasoning about moral dilemmas.
#15
Who proposed the 'Theory of Cognitive Dissonance'?
Leon Festinger
ExplanationInconsistency between attitudes and behaviors leads to psychological discomfort.
#16
Who proposed the 'Sociocultural Theory' of cognitive development?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationSocial interactions and cultural tools shape cognitive development.