#1
Which psychological mechanism involves individuals adopting the beliefs and behaviors of a group they belong to or want to belong to?
Social identity theory
ExplanationAdopting group beliefs and behaviors.
#2
What does the term 'confirmation bias' refer to in the context of political decision making?
The tendency to seek out information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs
ExplanationSeeking information confirming existing beliefs.
#3
Which psychological mechanism involves individuals favoring information that is readily available in their memory when making judgments or decisions?
Availability heuristic
ExplanationPreferring easily accessible information.
#4
Which of the following is an example of motivated reasoning?
Interpreting ambiguous evidence in a way that supports one's existing beliefs
ExplanationTwisting evidence to fit existing beliefs.
#5
In the context of political decision making, what does the 'affect heuristic' refer to?
The tendency to rely on emotions rather than facts when making decisions
ExplanationPrioritizing emotions over facts in decisions.
#6
Which cognitive bias involves individuals overestimating their own abilities and underestimating the probability of negative outcomes?
Overconfidence bias
ExplanationOverestimating abilities and underestimating risks.
#7
Which psychological mechanism explains the tendency of individuals to prefer information that confirms their existing beliefs while avoiding contradictory information?
Selective exposure
ExplanationSeeking confirming, avoiding contradictory information.
#8
Which cognitive bias refers to the tendency to attribute one's own success to internal factors while attributing failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationClaiming success as internal, failure as external.
#9
Which cognitive bias involves individuals attributing others' behaviors to internal characteristics while attributing their own behaviors to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationBlaming others internally, self externally.