#1
Who conducted the famous 'Little Albert' experiment?
John Watson
ExplanationJohn Watson conducted the 'Little Albert' experiment to study classical conditioning and emotional responses.
#2
Which ethical principle emphasizes the need for voluntary participation and consent in psychological research?
Informed consent
ExplanationInformed consent highlights the importance of participants' voluntary agreement and understanding of the study.
#3
The Hawthorne effect refers to:
The tendency of participants to behave in a certain way because they know they are being observed
ExplanationParticipants alter their behavior when aware of being observed, known as the Hawthorne effect.
#4
Which ethical guideline underscores the responsibility of researchers to avoid causing unnecessary discomfort or harm to participants?
Minimization of harm
ExplanationResearchers are ethically obligated to minimize potential harm or discomfort to participants during experiments.
#5
Which psychological concept involves a person's belief that they are unable to control or change a situation, even when they actually can?
Learned helplessness
ExplanationLearned helplessness is the psychological concept where individuals believe they lack control over situations, even when control is possible.
#6
In the Milgram Experiment, participants were asked to:
Obey authority and administer electric shocks
ExplanationParticipants were instructed to deliver increasing electric shocks to another person under the authority's command.
#7
Which ethical principle emphasizes the need for informed consent in psychological experiments?
Autonomy
ExplanationAutonomy underscores the importance of obtaining participants' voluntary and informed consent.
#8
Which ethical principle suggests that the benefits of research should outweigh any potential risks to participants?
Utility
ExplanationThe ethical principle of Utility emphasizes that research benefits should outweigh potential risks to participants.
#9
Which psychological experiment is associated with the concept of learned helplessness?
Seligman's dogs experiment
ExplanationSeligman's dogs experiment demonstrated learned helplessness, where animals learned to be passive in aversive situations.
#10
What is the primary ethical concern associated with the Milgram experiment?
Potential for psychological harm to participants
ExplanationThe Milgram experiment raised ethical concerns due to the potential psychological harm inflicted on participants.
#11
What was the purpose of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
To explore the dynamics of social power and control
ExplanationThe Stanford Prison Experiment aimed to investigate the impact of social roles on individuals' behavior in a simulated prison setting.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a key component of ethical guidelines for conducting psychological research?
Manipulation
ExplanationEthical guidelines include informed consent, debriefing, confidentiality, and minimizing harm, but not manipulation.
#13
Which experiment demonstrated the role of cognitive dissonance in attitude change?
Festinger and Carlsmith's study
ExplanationFestinger and Carlsmith's study showcased the influence of cognitive dissonance in attitude change, where participants rationalized their behavior.
#14
What is the purpose of the placebo effect in psychological research?
To control for the effects of expectation and belief
ExplanationThe placebo effect in research is employed to isolate and control for the influence of participants' expectations and beliefs on outcomes.