#1
Which psychological disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings?
Bipolar disorder
ExplanationPeriods of depression alternating with periods of mania.
#2
Who is often credited as the founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationIntroduced the concept of the unconscious mind and developed psychoanalytic theory.
#3
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with depression?
Serotonin
ExplanationRegulates mood, sleep, and appetite; implicated in depression.
#4
Who introduced the concept of the 'unconscious mind' in psychology?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationBelief in unconscious processes influencing behavior and thoughts.
#5
Which psychological disorder is characterized by intrusive and unwanted thoughts, often accompanied by repetitive behaviors?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
ExplanationObsessions leading to compulsive behaviors to alleviate anxiety.
#6
Who developed the theory of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationAssociation of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.
#7
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by which organization?
American Psychological Association (APA)
ExplanationStandard classification of mental disorders, published by the APA.
#8
Which psychological disorder is characterized by irrational fears and avoidance of specific objects or situations?
Phobia
ExplanationPersistent and irrational fear leading to avoidance of the feared object or situation.
#9
What historical event contributed to the deinstitutionalization of mental health care in the United States?
Civil Rights Movement
ExplanationEmphasis on community-based care and patients' rights.
#10
What is the primary characteristic of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
Presence of multiple distinct personalities
ExplanationExistence of two or more distinct identities or personality states.
#11
Which disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others?
Antisocial personality disorder
ExplanationLack of empathy and violation of social norms.
#12
Who proposed the theory of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationBehavior is shaped by consequences, reinforcement, and punishment.
#13
Who proposed the theory of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for various psychological disorders?
Aaron Beck
ExplanationFocused on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.