#1
Which stage of psychological development is characterized by the conflict of trust vs. mistrust?
Infancy
ExplanationFirst stage according to Erikson, where basic trust or mistrust is formed.
#2
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary task of the adolescent stage?
Forming a sense of identity
ExplanationKey focus during adolescence, crucial for future psychological development.
#3
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory is characterized by the conflict of initiative vs. guilt?
Preschool age
ExplanationKey stage where children assert control and initiate activities, leading to a sense of accomplishment or guilt.
#4
What is the primary focus of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Social and emotional development
ExplanationErikson's theory emphasizes the interplay between social and emotional factors across the lifespan.
#5
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory involves the conflict of autonomy vs. shame and doubt?
Toddlerhood
ExplanationStage where toddlers assert independence or experience self-doubt and shame.
#6
Which of the following is NOT one of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Abstract operational stage
ExplanationDoes not correspond to Piaget's identified stages of cognitive growth.
#7
During which stage of psychological development do individuals typically experience the conflict of integrity vs. despair?
Old age
ExplanationFinal stage according to Erikson, where reflecting on life's accomplishments versus regrets occurs.
#8
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, what is the focus of moral development during the preconventional stage?
Personal gain and avoiding punishment
ExplanationFirst stage, where moral reasoning is based on personal interests and avoiding punishment.
#9
In which stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory does the Oedipus or Electra complex typically occur?
Phallic stage
ExplanationThird stage, where children experience attraction to opposite-sex parent and rivalry with same-sex parent.
#10
At which stage of Piaget's cognitive development do children begin to develop logical reasoning and conservation skills?
Concrete operational stage
ExplanationThird stage, where children begin to think logically about concrete events and grasp conservation principles.
#11
Which theorist proposed the socioemotional selectivity theory, suggesting that as individuals age, they become more selective in choosing social partners and prioritize emotional satisfaction over information gathering?
Laura Carstensen
ExplanationCarstensen's theory focusing on emotional goals in social interactions across lifespan.
#12
Which of the following is NOT one of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
Conformity vs. rebellion
ExplanationNot a recognized stage within Erikson's framework of psychosocial development.
#13
Which theorist proposed the ecological systems theory, emphasizing the impact of various environmental systems on an individual's development?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
ExplanationBronfenbrenner's theory highlights the influence of environmental systems on development, including microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, and macrosystems.