#1
Which psychological construct refers to the tendency to favor one's own group over others?
In-group bias
ExplanationPreference for one's own group over others in decision-making and behavior.
#2
What term describes the tendency to believe that one would have foreseen an event after it has occurred?
Hindsight bias
ExplanationBelieving, after an event, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome.
#3
Which psychological construct involves the tendency to favor individuals or groups perceived as being similar to oneself?
In-group bias
ExplanationPreference for individuals or groups perceived as similar to oneself in decision-making and behavior.
#4
Which psychological construct involves the tendency to judge members of an out-group as more diverse than members of an in-group?
Out-group homogeneity bias
ExplanationPerceiving out-group members as more diverse and in-group members as more similar.
#5
Which psychological construct involves the tendency to favor individuals or groups perceived as being different from oneself?
In-group bias
ExplanationPreference for individuals or groups perceived as different from oneself in decision-making and behavior.
#6
What is the term for the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationSeeking, interpreting, and recalling information that confirms existing beliefs, reinforcing biases.
#7
Which psychological construct involves attributing others' behaviors more to their internal characteristics than to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationTendency to attribute others' actions to internal traits rather than external circumstances.
#8
What term describes the tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easily it comes to mind?
Availability heuristic
ExplanationBasing judgments on the ease with which examples come to mind, rather than on objective probability.
#9
Which psychological construct refers to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationAttributing personal successes to internal qualities and failures to external factors for self-enhancement.
#10
Which psychological construct involves the tendency to judge others' behaviors as being due to their personality rather than the situation?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationAttributing others' actions to internal traits rather than external circumstances.
#11
What term describes the tendency to overestimate the degree to which others share our beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?
False consensus effect
ExplanationOverestimating the commonality of one's beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors among others.
#12
Which psychological construct refers to the tendency to favor one's own group even when that favoritism disadvantages others?
In-group bias
ExplanationPreference for one's own group, even if it leads to disadvantages for other groups.
#13
What term describes the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's own group?
Stereotype threat
ExplanationApprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to one's own group, impacting performance.
#14
Which psychological construct refers to the tendency to perceive members of out-groups as more similar to each other than members of in-groups?
Out-group homogeneity bias
ExplanationSeeing out-group members as more similar to each other and in-group members as more diverse.
#15
What term describes the automatic, unconscious judgments and attitudes towards others based on their race, ethnicity, gender, etc.?
Implicit bias
ExplanationUnconscious and automatic biases towards individuals based on characteristics like race or gender.
#16
Which psychological construct involves the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?
Anchoring bias
ExplanationOver-reliance on initial information when making decisions, impacting subsequent judgments.
#17
Which psychological construct refers to the fear of being judged based on negative stereotypes about one's group, which can impair performance?
Stereotype threat
ExplanationFear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, leading to decreased performance.
#18
What term describes the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationAttributing personal successes to internal qualities and failures to external factors for self-enhancement.
#19
Which psychological construct involves the tendency to perceive oneself in a more favorable light compared to others?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationPerceiving oneself more positively than others, attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.