#1
Which of the following is a key component of 'short-term memory'?
Temporary storage of information for immediate tasks.
ExplanationTemporary storage for immediate tasks.
#2
Which psychological theory emphasizes the importance of fulfilling physiological needs before higher-level needs?
Hierarchy of needs theory
ExplanationPriority of fulfilling physiological needs.
#3
What is the primary concept behind 'operant conditioning'?
Learning through the consequences of actions.
ExplanationLearning through action consequences.
#4
Which of the following best describes 'empathy'?
The ability to understand and share the feelings of others.
ExplanationAbility to understand and share others' feelings.
#5
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be satisfied first before higher-level needs can be fulfilled?
Physiological needs
ExplanationPriority of fulfilling physiological needs.
#6
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'classical conditioning'?
Learning by associating a neutral stimulus with a reflex-producing stimulus.
ExplanationAssociation of neutral and reflex stimuli for learning.
#7
In the context of psychology, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
ExplanationDiscomfort from conflicting beliefs.
#8
What is the primary focus of 'social cognitive theory'?
The study of how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social situations.
ExplanationStudy of social perception, interpretation, and response.
#9
What is the 'mere-exposure effect' in psychology?
The tendency to prefer familiar stimuli over unfamiliar ones.
ExplanationPreference for familiar stimuli over unfamiliar.
#10
What is the primary focus of 'attachment theory'?
The study of how individuals form emotional bonds with caregivers.
ExplanationStudy of emotional bonds with caregivers.
#11
What is the primary goal of 'psychoanalysis' according to Sigmund Freud?
To uncover unconscious conflicts and desires.
ExplanationUncovering unconscious conflicts and desires.
#12
What does the 'Stanford Prison Experiment' reveal about human behavior?
The impact of authority and social roles on behavior.
ExplanationImpact of authority and roles on behavior.
#13
According to 'Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences,' which of the following is NOT one of the proposed intelligences?
Analytical
ExplanationExclusion of analytical intelligence.
#14
What does 'classical liberalism' emphasize in terms of human behavior and society?
The value of individual freedom and autonomy.
ExplanationEmphasis on individual freedom.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Independence vs. Dependence
ExplanationExclusion of Independence vs. Dependence.
#16
What is the 'Yerkes-Dodson law' in psychology?
A principle that describes the relationship between arousal and performance.
ExplanationRelationship between arousal and performance.