#1
Which psychological concept refers to the tendency to remember information better when it is repeated and rehearsed?
Recency effect
ExplanationBetter recall of recently learned information due to its recent rehearsal.
#2
Who is known for the development of the psychoanalytic theory, emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind in shaping behavior?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationRenowned for his psychoanalytic theory, focusing on the unconscious mind's influence on behavior.
#3
What term is used to describe the process by which we organize and interpret sensory information to give it meaning?
Perception
ExplanationMental process of interpreting sensory data to make sense of the surrounding environment.
#4
Who developed the hierarchy of needs, which includes physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationPioneered the hierarchy of needs theory, outlining human motivations from basic survival to self-fulfillment.
#5
What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where unacceptable thoughts or impulses are pushed into the unconscious?
Repression
ExplanationUnconscious suppression of distressing or undesirable thoughts, memories, or impulses.
#6
Who is known for the development of the social cognitive theory, emphasizing observational learning and self-efficacy?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationRenowned for the social cognitive theory, highlighting the role of observation and personal efficacy in learning.
#7
What is the phenomenon where individuals conform to a group's decision despite their own contrary beliefs or preferences?
Groupthink
ExplanationTendency to prioritize group harmony over individual dissent, even if contrary to personal beliefs.
#8
In classical conditioning, what term is used to describe the disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
Extinction
ExplanationFading away of a learned response when the associated stimulus no longer leads to reinforcement.
#9
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, and motives to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjecting one's own emotions, thoughts, or traits onto others, often unconsciously.
#10
Which brain structure is primarily associated with the formation of new memories?
Hippocampus
ExplanationCritical brain region for the consolidation of short-term memories into long-term memory.
#11
In the context of memory, what term is used to describe the fading of memories over time?
Decay
ExplanationGradual weakening or fading of memories due to the passage of time and lack of reinforcement.
#12
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with pleasure, reward, and mood regulation?
Dopamine
ExplanationNeurotransmitter linked to pleasure, motivation, and reinforcement of behaviors.
#13
Which cognitive bias involves attributing success to personal abilities and efforts, while attributing failures to external factors beyond one's control?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationTendency to credit oneself for successes and blame external factors for failures.
#14
In the context of social psychology, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
Inconsistency between attitudes and behaviors
ExplanationMental discomfort arising from conflicting attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.
#15
What is the term for the psychological disorder characterized by excessive worry and fear, often accompanied by physical symptoms like restlessness and tension?
Generalized anxiety disorder
ExplanationClinical condition marked by persistent, excessive anxiety and worry, accompanied by physical symptoms.
#16
In the context of social psychology, what does the term 'ingroup bias' refer to?
Favoritism towards ingroup members
ExplanationTendency to favor individuals within one's own group over those outside the group.
#17
What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals tend to prefer information that confirms their preexisting beliefs or values?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationTendency to seek or interpret information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs or hypotheses.