#1
In psychological assessments, what does the term 'reliability' refer to?
Consistency of measurement
ExplanationReliability refers to the consistency or stability of measurement over time and across different conditions.
#2
In the context of psychological assessments, what does the term 'standardization' refer to?
Establishing uniform procedures for test administration and scoring
ExplanationStandardization ensures consistency in how a test is administered and scored, allowing for meaningful comparisons between individuals.
#3
What does the term 'norm-referenced' mean in the context of psychological assessments?
Evaluating individual performance against a predetermined standard
ExplanationNorm-referenced assessment compares an individual's performance to that of a predefined group, allowing for interpretation of relative standing.
#4
Which of the following is a commonly used self-report personality assessment tool?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
ExplanationMMPI is a widely used self-report inventory for assessing personality traits.
#5
Which intelligence theory proposes the existence of multiple intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial intelligences?
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
ExplanationGardner's theory suggests that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait but rather consists of multiple distinct abilities.
#6
What is the primary purpose of projective tests in psychological assessments?
To assess personality traits
ExplanationProjective tests aim to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings by interpreting ambiguous stimuli, providing insights into personality traits.
#7
Which of the following is a widely used cognitive ability test that assesses verbal and nonverbal reasoning skills?
Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT)
ExplanationOLSAT is designed to measure a student's abilities in verbal and nonverbal reasoning, critical thinking, and problem-solving.
#8
Which of the following is an example of a projective test used to assess personality?
16PF (Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire)
Explanation16PF is a self-report inventory designed to measure personality traits across multiple dimensions.
#9
What is the primary focus of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?
Evaluating projective personality aspects
ExplanationTAT uses ambiguous images to elicit stories from individuals, revealing underlying thoughts, feelings, and motivations.
#10
In the context of psychological assessments, what does 'construct validity' refer to?
The extent to which a test measures the theoretical construct it claims to measure
ExplanationConstruct validity assesses how well a test measures the intended psychological trait or concept it claims to measure.
#11
Which type of validity refers to the extent to which a test accurately predicts future performance or outcomes?
Predictive validity
ExplanationPredictive validity assesses the extent to which a test can accurately forecast future performance or behavior based on current test results.
#12
What does the term 'response bias' mean in the context of psychological assessments?
The tendency of a test-taker to provide socially desirable responses
ExplanationResponse bias occurs when test-takers distort their responses to present themselves in a more favorable light, often due to social pressure or perceived expectations.
#13
In the context of intelligence testing, what does the term 'fluid intelligence' refer to?
The capacity for logical reasoning and solving novel problems
ExplanationFluid intelligence involves the ability to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge or past experience.
#14
Which of the following is a potential limitation of self-report measures in psychological assessments?
Social desirability bias
ExplanationSelf-report measures may be influenced by social desirability bias, where respondents provide answers they perceive as socially acceptable rather than truthful.
#15
What does the term 'item analysis' involve in the context of test development and evaluation?
Examining the difficulty and discriminatory power of individual test items
ExplanationItem analysis involves assessing the performance of individual test items to determine their effectiveness in discriminating between high and low performers and their overall difficulty.