#1
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
ExplanationHierarchy of needs theory categorizes motivation into basic needs like physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.
#2
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with the feeling of reward and pleasure?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is a neurotransmitter linked with pleasure and reward sensations.
#3
Which of the following is a characteristic of intrinsic motivation?
Arises from within oneself
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation is driven by internal factors and arises from within oneself.
#4
Which motivational theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the perceived fairness of their treatment in comparison to others?
Equity theory
ExplanationEquity theory asserts that individuals are motivated by fairness in the distribution of rewards and resources compared to others.
#5
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of unconscious desires and conflicts in driving behavior?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationPsychoanalytic theory emphasizes unconscious desires and conflicts as motivators of behavior.
#6
What is the term for the theory that proposes individuals are motivated by the desire to maintain a balance between their beliefs and their actions?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory explains how individuals are motivated to reduce the inconsistency between their beliefs and actions.
#7
According to Self-Determination Theory, which of the following is not a basic psychological need?
Affiliation
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory identifies autonomy, competence, and relatedness as basic psychological needs, excluding affiliation.
#8
According to the ERG theory of motivation, what are the three categories of human needs?
Existence, relatedness, growth
ExplanationERG theory categorizes human needs into existence, relatedness, and growth needs.
#9
Who developed the Expectancy Theory of Motivation?
Victor Vroom
ExplanationExpectancy Theory of Motivation was developed by Victor Vroom.
#10
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are motivated to engage in activities for the inherent satisfaction derived from the activity itself?
Intrinsic motivation
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation drives individuals to engage in activities for their inherent satisfaction.
#11
Who proposed the Theory of Achievement Motivation?
David McClelland
ExplanationDavid McClelland proposed the Theory of Achievement Motivation.
#12
What is the term for the process of setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound objectives?
SMART goal setting
ExplanationSMART goal setting involves setting objectives that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
#13
Who developed the Theory of Cognitive Evaluation, which suggests that extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation?
Edward L. Deci
ExplanationEdward L. Deci developed the Theory of Cognitive Evaluation.
#14
According to the Achievement Motivation Theory, individuals with a high need for achievement prefer tasks that offer:
High risk and high rewards
ExplanationIndividuals with a high need for achievement prefer tasks with high risk and high rewards, as per the Achievement Motivation Theory.
#15
Who proposed the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, also known as the Two-Factor Theory of Motivation?
Frederick Herzberg
ExplanationFrederick Herzberg proposed the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, also known as the Two-Factor Theory of Motivation.
#16
Which of the following is NOT a type of extrinsic motivation according to Self-Determination Theory?
Intrinsic regulation
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, excluding intrinsic regulation from the latter.
#17
According to Goal-Setting Theory, which of the following is crucial for motivating individuals?
Specific and challenging goals
ExplanationGoal-Setting Theory highlights the importance of setting specific and challenging goals for motivation.
#18
What concept in the Self-Determination Theory refers to the sense of being the origin of one’s actions?
Autonomy
ExplanationAutonomy in Self-Determination Theory refers to feeling in control and the source of one's actions.
#19
According to Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, which factors are related to job satisfaction?
All of the above
ExplanationHerzberg’s Two-Factor Theory suggests that both hygiene factors (e.g., working conditions) and motivators (e.g., recognition) affect job satisfaction.
#20
What is the term for the process of motivating employees through the design of their jobs?
Job enrichment
ExplanationJob enrichment involves designing jobs to increase employees' motivation and satisfaction.
#21
According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, what is the relationship between arousal and performance?
Performance increases with arousal
ExplanationYerkes-Dodson Law posits that performance increases with arousal, but only up to a certain point.
#22
What concept in Self-Determination Theory refers to the feeling of being capable and effective in one's actions?
Competence
ExplanationCompetence in Self-Determination Theory refers to feeling capable and effective in one's actions.
#23
According to the Self-Regulation Theory, what is the term for the process of monitoring one's own behavior and adjusting it to achieve desired outcomes?
Self-regulation
ExplanationSelf-regulation involves monitoring and adjusting one's behavior to achieve desired outcomes, as proposed by Self-Regulation Theory.
#24
What is the term for the tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors.
#25
In the context of motivation, what does the term 'flow' refer to?
A state of total immersion and focus in an activity
ExplanationFlow refers to a state of total immersion and focus in an activity, where individuals experience deep enjoyment and high performance.