#1
Which theory of motivation suggests that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs?
Hierarchy of needs theory
ExplanationMotivation is driven by fulfilling basic needs in a hierarchical order, as proposed by Abraham Maslow.
#2
Who proposed the concept of self-actualization as the highest level of motivation?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow identified self-actualization as the pinnacle of human motivation.
#3
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Physiological needs
ExplanationPhysiological needs must be satisfied first, according to Maslow's hierarchy.
#4
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are driven by the desire to reduce tension caused by unsatisfied needs?
Drive reduction theory
ExplanationDrive reduction theory posits motivation as the reduction of tension from unmet needs.
#5
According to the self-determination theory, which of the following is NOT one of the basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Inequality
ExplanationInequality is not a basic psychological need according to self-determination theory.
#6
Who introduced the concept of 'extrinsic' and 'intrinsic' motivation?
Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
ExplanationEdward Deci and Richard Ryan introduced the concepts of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.
#7
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?
Salary
ExplanationSalary is a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory.
#8
What concept in psychology refers to the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal factors such as personality traits, while underestimating the influence of external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationFundamental attribution error involves attributing behavior to internal factors and overlooking external influences.
#9
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation?
Equity
ExplanationEquity is not a component of the Expectancy Theory of Motivation.
#10
Who proposed the theory of operant conditioning as a form of learning based on the consequences of behavior?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner introduced operant conditioning, focusing on behavior consequences in learning.
#11
Which motivational theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior?
Operant conditioning theory
ExplanationOperant conditioning theory highlights the impact of reinforcement on behavior.
#12
In the context of goal-setting theory, what does the acronym SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound
ExplanationSMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound in goal-setting theory.
#13
Which psychological theory suggests that individuals have an inherent drive to seek out novelty and challenges?
Optimal arousal theory
ExplanationOptimal arousal theory posits that individuals seek novelty and challenges for satisfaction.
#14
Who proposed the theory of social learning, which emphasizes the role of observation and modeling in learning behavior?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura introduced social learning theory, highlighting observation and modeling in behavior learning.
#15
Which motivational theory emphasizes the role of rewards and punishments in influencing behavior?
Reinforcement theory
ExplanationReinforcement theory underscores the impact of rewards and punishments on behavior.
#16
What term refers to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias involves attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.