#1
At what age does cognitive decline typically begin in adults?
50s
ExplanationCognitive decline usually begins in the 50s.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a common cognitive change associated with aging?
Increased memory recall
ExplanationIncreased memory recall is not a common cognitive change; rather, memory decline is more typical.
#3
What is the term for the decline in the ability to hear high-frequency tones associated with aging?
Presbycusis
ExplanationPresbycusis is the decline in high-frequency hearing ability in older individuals.
#4
Which stage of adulthood typically involves the exploration of personal and professional goals?
Early adulthood
ExplanationEarly adulthood is characterized by the exploration of personal and professional goals.
#5
Which of the following is a common cognitive change associated with aging?
Reduced ability to multitask
ExplanationA common cognitive change is a reduced ability to multitask in aging individuals.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of cognitive aging?
Improved decision-making skills
ExplanationImproved decision-making skills are not a typical characteristic of cognitive aging.
#7
What is Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Theory that describes social and emotional development across the lifespan
ExplanationErikson's theory explains social and emotional development throughout life.
#8
Which cognitive ability tends to improve with age according to some research?
Crystallized intelligence
ExplanationCrystallized intelligence tends to improve or remain stable as people age.
#9
What is the term for the phenomenon where older adults experience increased difficulty retrieving specific words from memory?
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
ExplanationTip-of-the-tongue phenomenon involves difficulty recalling specific words, more common in older adults.
#10
Which area of cognition tends to show the most decline with age?
Episodic memory
ExplanationEpisodic memory, the ability to recall specific events, tends to decline the most with age.
#11
What is the term for the theory that suggests older adults have a limited capacity for cognitive resources, which leads to declines in some cognitive tasks?
Inhibitory deficit hypothesis
ExplanationInhibitory deficit hypothesis proposes limited cognitive resources in older adults.
#12
Which cognitive ability tends to remain relatively stable or improve with age according to some research?
Attentional control
ExplanationAttentional control tends to remain stable or improve in aging individuals.
#13
What is the term for the phenomenon where older adults prioritize positive over negative information in their memories?
Positivity effect
ExplanationPositivity effect refers to prioritizing positive information in memories in older adults.
#14
What is the term for the capacity of individuals to maintain physical and cognitive functioning in later life despite declines in health?
Resilience
ExplanationResilience is the capacity to maintain functioning despite declines in health.
#15
What is the term for the ability to adapt to changing circumstances and environmental demands?
Cognitive flexibility
ExplanationCognitive flexibility is the ability to adapt to changing circumstances and demands.
#16
According to socioemotional selectivity theory, what motivates older adults to prioritize emotionally meaningful goals?
Limited time perspective
ExplanationLimited time perspective motivates older adults to prioritize emotionally meaningful goals.
#17
What is the term for the tendency to view one's own group or culture more favorably than others?
Ethnocentrism
ExplanationEthnocentrism is the tendency to favor one's own group or culture over others.
#18
According to the Baltes' Selective Optimization with Compensation model, what is the primary strategy used by older adults to maintain high levels of functioning despite declines?
Focusing on their strengths and prioritizing goals
ExplanationSelective Optimization with Compensation involves focusing on strengths and prioritizing goals to maintain functioning.