#1
What is the primary function of problem-solving?
To find and implement solutions
ExplanationProblem-solving aims to find and apply solutions to challenges.
#2
Which cognitive bias involves favoring information that confirms one's pre-existing beliefs?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias is the tendency to seek information that supports one's existing beliefs.
#3
What is the term for the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?
Anchoring bias
ExplanationAnchoring bias is when initial information heavily influences subsequent decisions.
#4
What is the term for the tendency to give more weight to the first information received when making decisions?
Anchoring bias
ExplanationAnchoring bias gives undue importance to initial information in decision-making.
#5
Which cognitive bias involves the inclination to believe that events that have recently occurred are more likely to happen again?
Recency bias
ExplanationRecency bias is the tendency to believe recent events are more likely to recur.
#6
What is the term for the cognitive bias where people attribute their successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias involves attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
#7
What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals believe they are more skilled and experienced than they really are?
Dunning-Kruger effect
ExplanationThe Dunning-Kruger effect is when individuals overestimate their abilities due to lack of knowledge.
#8
In problem-solving, what does the term 'algorithm' refer to?
A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem
ExplanationAn algorithm is a systematic procedure or formula for tackling a problem in steps.
#9
Which cognitive bias involves the tendency to overestimate one's own abilities or the accuracy of one's beliefs?
Overconfidence bias
ExplanationOverconfidence bias leads individuals to overestimate their capabilities or the correctness of their judgments.
#10
In problem-solving, what does the term 'heuristic' refer to?
A rule of thumb or mental shortcut that simplifies decision making
ExplanationHeuristics are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that streamline decision-making.
#11
Which cognitive bias involves the tendency to remember past events as being more favorable than they actually were?
Hindsight bias
ExplanationHindsight bias leads individuals to remember past events as more favorable than they were in reality.
#12
What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals believe they are less likely to experience a negative event compared to others?
Optimism bias
ExplanationOptimism bias is the belief that one is less likely to face negative events than others.
#13
In problem-solving, what does the term 'functional fixedness' refer to?
A cognitive bias that hinders the ability to think creatively about an object's uses
ExplanationFunctional fixedness is a bias that limits creative thinking about an object's potential uses.