#1
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of physiological needs?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
ExplanationFocuses on the hierarchy of needs with physiological needs as the base.
#2
Which type of motivation is characterized by engaging in an activity for its own sake and personal satisfaction?
Intrinsic motivation
ExplanationMotivation from internal factors like enjoyment and satisfaction.
#3
According to the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be satisfied before moving to the next level?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic needs like food, water, and shelter.
#4
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which factors are considered hygiene factors?
Company policy and Administration
ExplanationHygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not lead to satisfaction.
#5
In the context of Vroom's Expectancy Theory, what does the term 'Expectancy' refer to?
The belief that effort will lead to performance
ExplanationThe perceived likelihood that effort will result in desired performance.
#6
According to the Equity Theory, what is the key factor in determining employee motivation?
Fairness and equity in rewards
ExplanationPerceived fairness in rewards influences motivation.
#7
Which of the following is NOT one of the core needs in Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory?
Authority
ExplanationFocuses on autonomy, competence, and relatedness, not authority.
#8
What does the acronym SMART stand for in the context of goal-setting?
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound
ExplanationCriteria for effective goal setting.
#9
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated to seek a balance between inputs and outcomes in their social exchanges?
Adams' Equity Theory
ExplanationFocuses on perceived fairness in social exchanges.
#10
Which motivation theory focuses on the need for achievement, power, and affiliation?
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory
ExplanationHighlights individuals' different needs for achievement, power, and affiliation.
#11
According to Locke and Latham's Goal-Setting Theory, what is the relationship between goal difficulty and performance?
Positive relationship
ExplanationHigher difficulty goals lead to higher performance if accepted.
#12
What is the central idea behind the Job Characteristics Model proposed by Hackman and Oldham?
Job enrichment and satisfaction
ExplanationMatches job characteristics to psychological states leading to motivation.
#13
In the context of Skinner's reinforcement theory, what is positive reinforcement?
Adding something desirable
ExplanationStrengthens behavior by presenting a desirable stimulus.
#14
What is the main focus of Skinner's reinforcement theory?
Behavior and its consequences
ExplanationHow behavior is influenced by its consequences.
#15
According to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory, what is the need for power characterized by?
Desire for influence and control
ExplanationSeeking influence and control over others.