#1
Which of the following is a principle of toxicology?
The dose makes the poison
ExplanationToxicity depends on the dose of a substance; any substance can be toxic at a certain dose.
#2
What is the first step in an emergency response to a toxicological incident?
Evaluation of the scene
ExplanationAssessing the situation to ensure safety and determine the appropriate response.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing toxicity?
Eye color
ExplanationEye color is not a relevant factor in determining toxicity.
#4
What is the main goal of decontamination in a toxicological emergency?
Prevent further exposure to the toxic substance
ExplanationDecontamination aims to stop additional exposure and protect individuals.
#5
What is the most common route of exposure to toxic substances in the workplace?
Inhalation
ExplanationInhalation is often the primary route of exposure in workplace settings.
#6
Which of the following is a characteristic of a nerve agent?
They cause immediate incapacitation
ExplanationNerve agents lead to rapid and immediate incapacitation.
#7
Which route of exposure involves absorption through the skin or mucous membranes?
Dermal
ExplanationAbsorption of substances through skin or mucous membranes.
#8
What is the LD50?
The lethal dose for 50% of the population
ExplanationThe dose at which 50% of a population would die from exposure to a substance.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of organophosphate poisoning?
Hyperthermia
ExplanationHyperthermia is not a typical symptom of organophosphate poisoning.
#10
What is the mechanism of action of cyanide poisoning?
Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase
ExplanationCyanide poisoning works by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, disrupting cellular respiration.
#11
What is the mainstay of treatment for heavy metal poisoning?
Performing chelation therapy
ExplanationChelation therapy is the primary treatment for heavy metal poisoning, removing metals from the body.
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic of a Type II chemical agent?
They cause delayed effects
ExplanationType II chemical agents result in delayed effects after exposure.
#13
Which of the following is a characteristic of a Type I chemical agent?
They cause immediate incapacitation
ExplanationType I chemical agents cause rapid and immediate incapacitation.
#14
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a blister agent?
They primarily affect the respiratory system
ExplanationBlister agents typically target the skin, not the respiratory system.
#15
What is the primary target organ of acetaminophen toxicity?
Liver
ExplanationAcetaminophen toxicity primarily affects the liver.
#16
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a riot control agent?
They have long-lasting effects on the environment
ExplanationRiot control agents typically do not have long-lasting environmental effects.
#17
What is the main mechanism of action of paraquat poisoning?
Generation of reactive oxygen species
ExplanationParaquat poisoning involves the generation of reactive oxygen species in the body.