#1
In a token economy, what is the primary purpose of using tokens as reinforcement?
To increase the salience of the desired behaviors
ExplanationTokens are used to make desired behaviors more noticeable.
#2
What is a token economy primarily used for?
Increasing target behaviors
ExplanationToken economies aim to boost specific behaviors.
#3
Which reinforcement schedule is characterized by providing reinforcement after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed-ratio schedule
ExplanationReinforcement after a set number of responses defines the fixed-ratio schedule.
#4
In a token economy, what is the term for when tokens are exchanged for desired items or privileges?
Token exchange
ExplanationSwapping tokens for desired items or privileges is known as token exchange.
#5
What is the term used to describe the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned behavior?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction refers to the fading of a learned behavior over time.
#6
Which type of reinforcement schedule is most effective for maintaining a behavior over a long period of time?
Variable-ratio schedule
ExplanationVariable-ratio schedules are best for long-term behavior maintenance.
#7
What is the term for the process of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior until the target behavior is reached?
Shaping
ExplanationShaping involves reinforcing steps towards a desired behavior until it's achieved.
#8
Which reinforcement schedule is characterized by providing reinforcement after varying amounts of time have passed?
Variable-interval schedule
ExplanationVariable-interval schedules offer reinforcement after changing time intervals.
#9
Which reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?
Variable-ratio schedule
ExplanationVariable-ratio schedules are highly resistant to extinction.
#10
What is the primary difference between continuous reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement?
Continuous reinforcement provides reinforcement after every response, while intermittent reinforcement provides reinforcement only after certain intervals.
ExplanationContinuous reinforcement rewards every response; intermittent reinforcement rewards intermittently.
#11
Which reinforcement schedule is most prone to rapid extinction?
Fixed-interval schedule
ExplanationFixed-interval schedules are susceptible to rapid extinction.
#12
In a token economy, what is the term for when tokens lose their reinforcing value over time due to overuse?
Token inflation
ExplanationToken inflation occurs when tokens become less effective due to overuse.
#13
Which reinforcement schedule is most effective for producing high and steady rates of responding?
Fixed-ratio schedule
ExplanationFixed-ratio schedules lead to high and steady response rates.
#14
In a token economy, what is the term for the process of withdrawing tokens for engaging in undesired behaviors?
Token fines
ExplanationRemoving tokens for engaging in undesired behaviors is termed token fines.