#1
Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth Amendment
ExplanationProtects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
#2
Which of the following is NOT an exception to the warrant requirement for searches and seizures?
Routine inventory searches
ExplanationNot an exception to the warrant requirement.
#3
What is the primary purpose of the exclusionary rule?
To deter law enforcement misconduct
ExplanationDeters law enforcement misconduct.
#4
What is the 'reasonable suspicion' standard?
A lower threshold than probable cause, requiring only a minimal level of evidence
ExplanationLower threshold than probable cause.
#5
Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects against self-incrimination?
Fifth Amendment
ExplanationProtects against self-incrimination.
#6
What is the legal standard for a search warrant to be issued?
Probable cause
ExplanationStandard required for issuing a search warrant.
#7
Under what circumstances can a warrantless search be conducted?
In emergencies where there is imminent danger
ExplanationAllows warrantless searches in emergencies.
#8
Which factor determines whether a search conducted by a private individual is subject to Fourth Amendment scrutiny?
Whether the individual is acting as an agent of law enforcement
ExplanationPrivate searches subject to scrutiny if acting as law enforcement agent.
#9
What is the main purpose of the 'particularity requirement' in search warrants?
To ensure that warrants specify the exact location and items to be searched or seized
ExplanationEnsures warrants specify search location and items.
#10
What is the 'automobile exception' to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement?
It allows law enforcement to search any vehicle without a warrant if there is probable cause to believe it contains evidence of a crime
ExplanationAllows warrantless vehicle search with probable cause.
#11
What is the 'stop and frisk' doctrine?
A doctrine allowing law enforcement to conduct searches of individuals for weapons based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity
ExplanationAllows searches for weapons based on reasonable suspicion.
#12
Which case established the 'exclusionary rule' in the United States, prohibiting the use of evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures?
Mapp v. Ohio
ExplanationEstablished prohibition on using illegally obtained evidence.
#13
What is the 'plain view' doctrine?
Evidence that is in plain view of law enforcement during a lawful observation
ExplanationAllows seizure of evidence in plain view.
#14
What is the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine?
A legal principle stating that evidence obtained illegally cannot be used to obtain more evidence
ExplanationProhibits using illegally obtained evidence to gather more.
#15
What is the significance of the 'good faith exception' to the exclusionary rule?
It allows for the admission of evidence obtained through an honest mistake by law enforcement
ExplanationAllows admission of evidence from honest law enforcement mistakes.
#16
In which case did the United States Supreme Court establish the 'reasonable expectation of privacy' test?
Katz v. United States
ExplanationCase establishing the reasonable expectation of privacy test.
#17
In which case did the United States Supreme Court establish the 'totality of circumstances' test for determining whether a search is reasonable?
Illinois v. Gates
ExplanationCase establishing totality of circumstances test.